Bruder, Johannes
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Bruder, Johannes
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- PublikationYou wasted a good crisis! Paranoia, speculation and discipline in finance(Wayne State University Press, 2023) Bruder, Johannes [in: Discourse. Journal for Theoretical Studies in Media and Culture]01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationThe Algorithms of Mindfulness(SAGE, 22.06.2021) Bruder, Johannes [in: Science, Technology & Human Values]This paper analyzes notions and models of optimized cognition emerging at the intersections of psychology, neuroscience, and computing. What I somewhat polemically call the algorithms of mindfulness describes an ideal that determines algorithmic techniques of the self, geared at emotional resilience and creative cognition. A reframing of rest, exemplified in corporate mindfulness programs and the design of experimental artificial neural networks sits at the heart of this process. Mindfulness trainings provide cues as to this reframing, for they detail each in their own way how intermittent periods of rest are to be recruited to augment our cognitive capacities and combat the effects of stress and information overload. They typically rely on and co-opt neuroscience knowledge about what the brains of North Americans and Europeans do when we rest. Current designs for artificial neural networks draw on the same neuroscience research and incorporate coarse principles of cognition in brains to make machine learning systems more resilient and creative. These algorithmic techniques are primarily conceived to prevent psychopathologies where stress is considered the driving force of success. Against this backdrop, I ask how machine learning systems could be employed to unsettle the concept of pathological cognition itself.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationDonkey Kong's Legacy. About Microprocessors as Model Organisms and the Behavioral Politics of Video Games in AI(Universität Bern, 2021) Bruder, Johannes [in: Tsantsa]The article discusses forms of contamination between human and artificial intelligence in computational neuroscience and machine learning research. I begin with a deep dive into an experiment with the legacy microprocessor MOS 6502, conducted by two engineers working in computational neuroscience, to explain why and how machine learning algorithms are increasingly employed to simulate human cognition and behavior. Through the strategic use of the microprocessor as “model organism” and references to biological and psychological lab research, the authors draw attention to speculative research in machine learning, where arcade video games designed in the 1980s provide test beds for artificial intelligences under development. I elaborate on the politics of these test beds and suggest alternative avenues for machine learning research to avoid that artificial intelligence merely reproduces settler-colonialist politics in silico.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationOptimal Brain Damage. Theorizing our Nervous Present(Culture Machine, 2021) Bruder, Johannes; Halpern, Orit [in: Culture Machine]01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationIntelligence Has Always Been Artificial(Queen's University, 2020) Bruder, Johannes [in: Queen's Quarterly]It’s time to stop celebrating experiments, tests, and demos designed to show that there is one “real” form of intelligence. These have primarily been used to devalue “unskilled” human labour and to dehumanize those who are supposedly not intelligent. Maybe it’s time to stop defending human intelligence altogether. Maybe it’s time to queer the concept of intelligence until it stops defining so much of what seems to matter.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationWhere the Sun Never Shines. Emerging Paradigms of Post-Enlightened Cognition(Transcript, 25.10.2018) Bruder, Johannes [in: Digital Culture & Society]In this paper, I elaborate on deliberations of “post-enlightened cognition” between cognitive neuroscience, psychology and artificial intelligence research. I show how the design of machine learning algorithms is entangled with research on creativity and pathology in cognitive neuroscience and psychology through an interest in “episodic memory” and various forms of “spontaneous thought”. The most prominent forms of spontaneous thought - mind wandering and day dreaming - appear when the demands of the environment abate and have for a long time been stigmatized as signs of distraction or regarded as potentially pathological. Recent research in cognitive neuroscience, however, conceptualizes spontaneous thought as serving the purpose of, e. g., creative problem solving and hence invokes older discussions around the links between creativity and pathology. I discuss how attendant attempts at differentiating creative cognition from its pathological forms in contemporary psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and AI puts traditional understandings of rationality into question.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationInfrastructural Intelligence. Contemporary Entanglements between neuroscience and AI(Elsevier, 2017) Bruder, Johannes [in: Progress in Brain Research]In this chapter, I reflect on contemporary entanglements between artificial intelligence and the neurosciences by tracing the development of Google's recent DeepMind algorithms back to their roots in neuroscientific studies of episodic memory and imagination. Google promotes a new form of “infrastructural intelligence,” which excels by constantly reassessing its cognitive architecture in exchange with a cloud of data that surrounds it, and exhibits putatively human capacities such as intuition. I argue that such (re)alignments of biological and artificial intelligence have been enabled by a paradigmatic infrastructuralization of the brain in contemporary neuroscience. This infrastructuralization is based in methodologies that epistemically liken the brain to complex systems of an entirely different scale (i.e., global logistics) and has given rise to diverse research efforts that target the neuronal infrastructures of higher cognitive functions such as empathy and creativity. What is at stake in this process is no less than the shape of brains to come and a revised understanding of the intelligent and creative social subject.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationImpossible Escapes – Evasive Strategies, Elusive Procedures, and Evacuation Plans(MIT Press, 12/2016) Caviezel, Flavia; Allen, Jamie; Bruder, Johannes; Greiner-Petter, Moritz; Miyazaki, Shintaro; Volkart Schmidt, Yvonne [in: Neural]01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationLetter from the editors: Lost & Found(Continent, 2016) Bruder, Johannes; Gerloff, Felix; Allen, Jamie [in: Continent]This issue was found in the lost conversations of continent.’s Jamie Allen and guest editors Johannes Bruder and Felix Gerloff. It is the crystallization of interests in the empirical, in notions of ‘evidence’, and the act of ‘returning’ something from a site of investigation. Developed through the Swiss National Science Foundation project Machine Love?[1], a project by researchers from the Institute of Experimental Design and Media Cultures at the Academy of Art and Design FHNW[2] (Claudia Mareis, Johannes Bruder and Felix Gerloff), these articles and artefacts stem in part from a workshop (All Eyes on Method in Basel on the 4th and 5th of June 2015) attended by contributing authors Sarah Benhaïm, Hannes Krämer, Luis-Manuel Garcia, Priska Gisler and Stefan Solleder. We also sought to expand the constituency of this continent. issue through a discussion of the role that media artefacts and material objects play in empirical research more generally. We have reached out to thinkers and doers who have developed ways of productively navigating the ambiguities of losing and finding, forgetting and remembering, capturing and deleting. Works by Geraldine Juarez, Mara Mills, Verena Paravel and Lucien Castaing-Taylor with a response by Nina Jäger and Bronwyn Lay, Natasha Schüll, and the Times of Waste research team further elaborate the thematic of ‘Lost & Found’ for this issue. We (re)present here attempts to (re)create experience, waving our flag of surrender at a world that is forever slipping through our fingers.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationEnjoy the Creepy Naked Cybergirl(Continent, 2016) Bruder, Johannes; Benhaïm, Sarah [in: Continent]01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift