Institut Bauingenieurwesen

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Aktivitätenbasierte Verkehrsmodelle
(Bundesamt für Strassen, 12.12.2021) Vitins, Basil; Erath, Alexander; Fellendorf, Martin; Arendt, Michael
05 - Forschungs- oder Arbeitsbericht
Begleitstudie zum Tier-Pilotprojekt in Riehen
(Institut Bauingenieurwesen, Hochschule für Architektur, Bau und Geomatik FHNW, 16.01.2023) Erath, Alexander; van Eggermond, Michael
05 - Forschungs- oder Arbeitsbericht
Calibration of a regional agent-based travel demand model to simulate the spread of COVID-19
(2021) Mesaric, Raphael; Erath, Alexander
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has shown the need of readily available tools to simulate the spreading of infectious diseases and assess the potential impact of policy measures aimed at the containment of the disease. The most common approach in epidemiology is to use compartmental models which model disease spreading as a series of stocks (compartments) and flows. The most basic version considers three compartments: susceptible, infectious and recovered. One of the core assumptions of these models, however, is a homogeneous population which is a serious limitation when it comes to clustered outbreaks. The research at hand uses an agent-based travel demand model (MATSim) coupled with a recently developed extension (EpiSim) to simulate the spread of the pandemic by tracking the interactions of agents und subsequently identifying infections by following their contact network. This overcomes the compartmental assumption of the previous models. In this presentation, we summarize the calibration results of the EpiSim model which is based on the regional activity- and agent-based travel demand model of the trinational region around Basel. The calibration procedure is based on data on case numbers and hospitalisations from three countries (Switzerland, Germany and France) at different spatial resolution. The underlying models account for the effect of border closures and spatially varying restrictions to limit the spread of COVID-19. In contrast to existing studies, this model pays particular attention to disease import through external traffic from outside the model area as well as cross-border travel demand.
06 - Präsentation
Destination choice modeling with spatially distributed constraints
(University of Minnesota, 03.07.2023) Vitins, Basil; Erath, Alexander [in: Journal of Transport and Land Use]
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Fahrgastpotenzial neuer Verbindungen der trinationalen S-Bahn Basel
(Hochschule für Architektur, Bau und Geomatik FHNW, 12.01.2024) Fiabane, Noè; Erath, Alexander; Arendt, Michael; Carrard, Robin; SBB AG
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde das Fahrgastpotential einer neuen S-Bahnverbindung zwischen dem Badischen Bahnhof und Muttenz untersucht. Hierfür wurden vier mögliche Linienverläufe erarbeitet, die an bestehende S-Bahnlinien anknüpfen. Durch eine Voruntersuchung wurde entschieden, Variante 2 (Liestal – Muttenz – Bad. Bahnhof – Weil am Rhein) und 4 (Rheinfelden – Muttenz – Bad. Bahnhof – Weil am Rhein) vertieft zu untersuchen mit Blick auf ihr mögliches Fahrgastpotential und deren Wirtschaftlichkeit. Bei den Varianten ohne Haltestelle «Basel Solitude» weist von den Fahrgastzahlen und der Wirtschaftlichkeit die Variante 4 die höchste, streckenbezogene Fahrgastnachfrage von 2’272 Pers./(km*d) und den mit 60.9% höchsten Kostendeckungsgrad auf. Ebenfalls untersucht wurde der Einfluss einer neuen Haltestelle Basel Solitude. Diese hatte sowohl auf die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Variante 4 (+6,4 Prozentpunkte) wie auch die durchschnittlichen Fahrgastzahlen (+238 Pers./(km*d)) einen durchgehend positiven Einfluss, wenn auch die Variante 2 hier neu die höchste Fahrgastdichte aufweist (2'530 Pers./(km*d)). Basierend auf den Modellzahlen und einer Einschätzung, inwiefern sich methodische Grenzen des Modells in Bezug auf die Fahrgastprognose auswirken, wird aber die Variante 2 als die weiterzuverfolgende Variante identifiziert.
11 - Studentische Arbeit
Forecasting district-wide pedestrian volumes in multi-level networks in high-density mixed-use areas
(Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL), 06/2022) Mavros, Panos; van Eggermond, Michael; Erath, Alexander; Helle, Veera; Acebillo, Pablo; Xu, Shuchen; van Nees, Akkelies; de Koning, Remco Elric; Jacobsen Åsli, Thale [in: 13th International Space Syntax Symposium]
This paper is concerned with improvements in the forecasting of pedestrian flows in multilevel pedestrian networks in high-density urban environments. 3D network topology measures are combined with land-use data, and validated against extensive pedestrian counts, to provide both evidence for the applicability of network analysis in tropical metropolises, as well as a calibrated tool for urban planners. The research focuses on four area in Singapore. These areas have in common that they all are prominent transport hubs, but differ in surrounding land-use types and dominant network topology (e.g. indoor, outdoor, above ground, below ground, at grade). Multi-level pedestrian networks were drawn based on OpenStreetMap, include sidewalks on both sides of major roads for a radius up to 2 kilometres from the site centroids. Spatial network analysis was performed using sDNA which allows vertical networks to generate measures describing the spatial configuration of the network. Subsequently, pedestrian counts were conducted during three consecutive days. In total, counts were conducted at more than 250 locations in 2018 and 2019, well before the global COVID19 pandemic. Pedestrian flows are set against a series of variables, including pedestrian attractors and generators (e.g. shops, offices, hotels, dwellings), and variables describing the spatial configuration of the network, using advanced regression models. Our results show that betweenness metrics (i.e. space syntax choice) combined with land-use yield high predictive power. Dependent on the study site, network metrics based on angular distance outperform those based on metric distance or perceived link distance. This research demonstrates that is necessary to account for the multi-level nature of networks, and that indoor flows through private developments cannot be neglected, in particular when planning for integrated transport developments. The paper concludes with recommendations and implications for practice.
04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
How autonomous electric vehicles will affect the Swiss transport system. What we already know and what we can’t know yet
(ETH Zürich, 06.12.2023) Erath, Alexander; Axhausen, Kay W. [in: NSL Kolloquium - Transport planning. Where do we go now?]
04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
Human navigation in a multilevel travelling salesperson problem
(PsyArXiv, 22.01.2022) Mavros, Panagiotis; van Eggermond, Michael; Hölscher, Christoph
Finding the optimal tour that visits a series of locations sequentially, such as going for errands, is an everyday task formally known as the travelling salesperson problem (TSP). In this article we focus on the understudied type of multilevel or M-TSP, which take place in a multilevel environment, like a building. In a TSP, the number of alternative tours the decision-maker needs to consider is given by the factorial of the locations to visit; hence a 3-target TSP has 6 alternatives and a 12- target TSP has 479 million. Considerable research has focused on combinatorial optimisation algorithms for TSPs, and in the cognitive sciences there has equally been a sustained interest on how various foraging species and humans achieve remarkably optimal performance. However, research has primarily studied planar environments, and it is unclear how people will combine horizontal and vertical spatial information to make navigational decisions in a multilevel TSP. In this study, we asked 41 participants to first learn the locations of 12 shops (targets) in a multilevel building, and then complete a structure mapping task and two open 8-target M-TSP tasks (more than 40.000 alternatives). Using bayesian methods for mixed effects modelling, we show that human performance in navigational M-TSPs is lower than this of Euclidean TSPs, and we differentiate between the choice of tour (visit sequence) and transitions (local wayfinding). Our results show an effect of horizontal versus vertical learning. We also found that performance in navigational TSP are a composite of global and local decision making, and the people adaptively employ a path-based, rather than euclidean, measure of distance when this is ecologically relevant. Overall we provide multiple sources of evidence for the horizontal bias theory both in mental representations and wayfinding behaviour. This study contributes to current knowledge of mental representations 3D space and is the first huto provide human data on an multilevel TSP. More generally, these findings have implications for our understanding of wayfinding and navigational behaviour in multilevel environments.
05 - Forschungs- oder Arbeitsbericht
Nachhaltige Ansätze zur Parkraumplanung
(14.09.2023) Erath, Alexander
06 - Präsentation
Using backcasting to support corporate mobility management
(2021) van Eggermond, Michael; Erath, Alexander
The paper at hand describes a research project conducted in collaboration with a major employer based in Basel, Switzerland. The company employs innovative mobility policies, such as a strict parking regime, with lots only available to employees who have to travel more than 45 minutes by public transport, offers bike sharing and public transport bonuses, but would like to further reduce parking lots and desires to reduce greenhouse emissions resulting from commuting while remaining an attractive employer. The aim of the project was the to better understand the impact of exogenous developments (e.g. new train lines, road pricing, infrastructure improvements, safer cycling routes) and endogenous mobility policies (e.g. bike sharing, parking fees, charging stations). These developments and policies were identified in a series of workshops with stakeholders. At the same, key performance indicators were formulated. Instead of forecasting the impact of these policy measures, the project set out to describe a desirable future (e.g., less emissions, attractive employer), reason backwards from the desired situation and formulate a package of policy measures that could in this future, whilst taking into account exogenous developments. This process is also known as backcasting and has been applied in several studies (e.g. Banister et al., 2000; Barandier 2015) To quantify the impact of the policy measures several data sets were available and newly collected. Travel times and distances for motorized private transport, walking and cycling were calculated using the Google travel time API for all employees. As Google’s API only offers limited coverage for public transport in Germany and France, use was made of publicly available public transport schedules and the open-source routing engine R5. A survey was conducted among employees, resulting in over 6000 responses. Based on the survey data, choice models were estimated and applied. Exogenous and endogenous developments for over 10 policy measures were quantified using simplified assumptions, whilst taking into account the spatial differences, and used to forecast the impact of each individual measure and combinations of measures. Measures include the impact of e-bike provision, the impact of improved cycling infrastructure, new train stations and the differentiated parking fees. The project resulted in a set of mobility policies and recommendations to monitor these mobility policies, and the methodology has been applied at other stakeholders to support sustainable mobility policies.
06 - Präsentation
Wirkungsanalyse einer Ausdünnung von ÖV-Haltestellen in Basel
(Hochschule für Architektur, Bau und Geomatik FHNW, 11.01.2024) Cotti, Tim; Erath, Alexander; Arendt, Michael
Die Haltestellenabstände im Tram und Busnetz in der Region Basel sind für eine optimale Fahrgastattraktivität teilweise zu kurz. In neueren Tramsystemen welche heute grosse Erfolge verzeichnen können sind die Haltestellenabstände teilweise deutlich grösser. Durch eine Reduktion der Haltestellen im ÖV-Netz Basel ist eine Beschleunigung des bestehenden Netzes möglich was sowohl für Fahrgäste, insbesondere aber für die Betreiber zu Vorteilen führen kann. Anhand einer GIS-Methodik wurden zwei Varianten ausgearbeitet in welchen drei Linien im ÖV-Netz Basel (6, 8, 34) mithilfe Haltestellenaufhebungen beschleunigt werden. Im Gesamtverkehrsmodell Basel wurden diese Varianten eingearbeitet. Die Auswertung ergibt, dass durch eine Beschleunigung der gewählten Linien um 7,5 Minuten ein Fahrgastzuwachs im ÖV-Netz Basel von knapp 2000 Passagieren verzeichnet werden kann. Dieser Gewinn ist möglich, weil sich die Anzahl an MIV Fahrten um einen ähnlichen Anteil verringert. Eine noch radikalere Beschleunigung, wie sie in einer zweiten Variante untersucht wurde, hat jedoch keine weiteren positiven Verkehrsmittelwahleffekte.
11 - Studentische Arbeit

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Auflistung Institut Bauingenieurwesen nach Schlagwort "600 - Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften"

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