Müller, GiannaHollenstein, DariaCöltekin, ArzuBleisch, Susanne2024-07-192024-07-1920232372-93332372-934110.1080/23729333.2023.2235492https://irf.fhnw.ch/handle/11654/46339https://doi.org/10.26041/fhnw-9446Glyphs have long been used to approach the challenge of visualising multidimensional data with geospatial reference. Depending on the glyph design, data-dense visualizations of several concurrent data dimensions can be created. The square-glyph is a compound glyph to represent up to four data dimensions, e.g. walkability indices, with reference to a gridded geographic space (Bleisch and Hollenstein 2018 [Exploring multivariate representations of indices along linear geographic features. Proceedings of the 2017 International Cartographic Conference, Washington D.C. (pp. 1–5)]). In this paper, we present a user study to evaluate the readability and interpretability of the square-glyphs. We compare user performance with square-glyph plots containing two and four simultaneously mapped data dimensions under different value compositions. Our results show that the user performance with square-glyphs does not decrease as the number of data dimensions represented increases from two to four. The study results indicate no significant differences in efficiency and effectiveness between the four-dimensional square-glyphs and the two-dimensional square-glyphs. The average values of five adjacent glyphs can be estimated with a mean error of eight percentage points. The results suggest that equal value distances between the displayed dimensions are more accurately perceived in a lower-value composition than in higher-value arrangements.enGlyph visualizationSquare-glyphsMultidimensionalspatial dataEvaluationUserstudy600 - Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift449-465