Hall, Monika
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Hall, Monika
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- PublikationMulti-agent based simulation of smart building cluster for electric grid stabilization(IOP Publishing, 21.11.2019) Hall, Monika; Geissler, Achim; Wache, Holger [in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series]With the increasing number of photovoltaic systems and heat pumps in buildings existing substations of the electric grid could be overloaded. A multi-agent based simulation of a building cluster studies the impact of building flexibility in regard to the residual substation load. Each building announces its available flexibility, e.g. "heat pump can be switched off/on". A master coordinator evaluates all incoming offers and decides which offers are accepted. This reduces the residual load at the substation. This paper presents results from a study of the impact at the substation of a smart urban building cluster with different penetration scenarios of heat pumps, photovoltaic systems, batteries and electric vehicles. It is shown that a high penetration of heat pumps and photovoltaic systems violates the substation's limits for the studied building cluster. Batteries cannot reduce the peak utilization. The master coordinator's load shifting options are limited.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationPVopti - hourly based energy balance for building design(Elsevier, 2017) Hall, Monika; Burger, Bastian [in: Energy Procedia]PVopti is a freeware tool to calculate hourly energy balance for different building types. It is simple to use and it quickly calculates self-consumption for different designs. Load profiles according to SIA 2024 are used to distribute yearly values on hours. For demand of lighting a criterion for daylight is added. Compared with measurements of single family houses and apartment buildings, self-consumption calculated with PVopti shows very good agreement. Currently, a German version is available on www.minergie.ch, soon there will be versions for 4 languages (dt, fr, it, en).01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationDifferent balancing methods for Net Zero Energy Buildings - Impact of time steps, grid interaction and weighting factors(Elsevier, 2017) Hall, Monika; Geissler, Achim [in: Energy Procedia]Adding large photovoltaic systems to buildings is becoming more and more popular. To date, the self-consumption/grid interaction is not typically part of the energy balance. The choice of symmetric or asymmetric primary energy factors has an impact on the balance. The primary energy factor for import from the grid depends on the chosen type of the power mix in the grid. If this factor is higher/lower than the primary energy factor of the on-site PV-system, a larger/smaller PV system than when using symmetrical factors is required in order to fulfil the NZEB balance.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift