Miho, Enkelejda

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Miho
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Enkelejda
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Miho, Enkelejda

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2019 - 201932020 - 20227
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Institut: Institut für Medizintechnik und Medizininformatik × Typ: 01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift ×

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Gerade angezeigt 1 - 10 von 10
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    Publikation
    Unconstrained generation of synthetic antibody–antigen structures to guide machine learning methodology for antibody specificity prediction
    (Nature, 19.12.2022) Robert, Philippe A.; Akbar, Rahmad; Pavlović, Milena; Widrich, Michael; Snapkov, Igor; Slabodkin, Andrei; Chernigovskaya, Maria; Scheffer, Lonneke; Smorodina, Eva; Rawat, Puneet; Mehta, Brij Bhushan; Vu, Mai Ha; Mathisen, Ingvild Frøberg; Prósz, Aurél; Abram, Krzysztof; Olar, Axel; Miho, Enkelejda; Haug, Dag Trygve Tryslew; Lund-Johansen, Fridtjof; Hochreiter, Sepp; Hobæk Haff, Ingrid; Klambauer, Günter; Sandve, Geir Kjetil; Greiff, Victor [in: Nature Computational Science]
    Machine learning (ML) is a key technology for accurate prediction of antibody–antigen binding. Two orthogonal problems hinder the application of ML to antibody-specificity prediction and the benchmarking thereof: the lack of a unified ML formalization of immunological antibody-specificity prediction problems and the unavailability of large-scale synthetic datasets to benchmark real-world relevant ML methods and dataset design. Here we developed the Absolut! software suite that enables parameter-based unconstrained generation of synthetic lattice-based three-dimensional antibody–antigen-binding structures with ground-truth access to conformational paratope, epitope and affinity. We formalized common immunological antibody-specificity prediction problems as ML tasks and confirmed that for both sequence- and structure-based tasks, accuracy-based rankings of ML methods trained on experimental data hold for ML methods trained on Absolut!-generated data. The Absolut! framework has the potential to enable real-world relevant development and benchmarking of ML strategies for biotherapeutics design.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
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    Publikation
    RWD-Cockpit. Application for quality assessment of real-world data
    (JMIR Publications, 18.10.2022) Degen, Markus; Babrak, Lmar; Smakaj, Erand; Agac, Teyfik; Asprion, Petra; Grimberg, Frank; Van der Werf, Daan; Van Ginkel, Erwin Willem; Tosoni, Deniz David; Clay, Ieuan; Brodbeck, Dominique; Natali, Eriberto; Schkommodau, Erik; Miho, Enkelejda [in: JMIR Formative Research]
    Digital technologies are transforming the health care system. A large part of information is generated as real-world data (RWD). Data from electronic health records and digital biomarkers have the potential to reveal associations between the benefits and adverse events of medicines, establish new patient-stratification principles, expose unknown disease correlations, and inform on preventive measures. The impact for health care payers and providers, the biopharmaceutical industry, and governments is massive in terms of health outcomes, quality of care, and cost. However, a framework to assess the preliminary quality of RWD is missing, thus hindering the conduct of population-based observational studies to support regulatory decision-making and real-world evidence.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
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    Publikation
    Sequencing of the M protein. Toward personalized medicine in monoclonal gammopathies
    (Wiley, 23.08.2022) Cascino, Pasquale; Nevone, Alice; Piscitelli, Maggie; Scopelliti, Claudia; Girelli, Maria; Mazzini, Giulia; Caminito, Serena; Russo, Giancarlo; Milani, Paolo; Basset, Marco; Foli, Andrea; Fazio, Francesca; Casarini, Simona; Massa, Margherita; Bozzola, Margherita; Ripepi, Jessica; Sesta, Melania Antonietta; Acquafredda, Gloria; De Cicco, Marica; Moretta, Antonia; Rognoni, Paola; Milan, Enrico; Ricagno, Stefano; Lavatelli, Francesca; Petrucci, Maria Teresa; Klersy, Catherine; Merlini, Giampaolo; Palladini, Giovanni; Nuvolone, Mario; Miho, Enkelejda [in: American Journal of Hematology]
    Each patient with a monoclonal gammopathy has a unique monoclonal (M) protein, whose sequence can be used as a tumoral fingerprint to track the presence of the B cell or plasma cell (PC) clone itself. Moreover, the M protein can directly cause potentially life-threatening organ damage, which is dictated by the specific, patient's unique clonal light and/or heavy chain amino acid sequence, as in patients affected by immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis.1 However, patients' specific M protein sequences remain mostly undefined and molecular mechanisms underlying M protein-related clinical manifestations are largely obscure.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
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    Publikation
    Machine learning detects anti-DENV signatures in antibody repertoire sequences
    (Frontiers, 11.10.2021) Horst, Alexander; Smakaj, Erand; Natali, Eriberto; Tosoni, Deniz David; Babrak, Lmar; Meier, Patrick; Miho, Enkelejda [in: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence]
    Dengue infection is a global threat. As of today, there is no universal dengue fever treatment or vaccines unreservedly recommended by the World Health Organization. The investigation of the specific immune response to dengue virus would support antibody discovery as therapeutics for passive immunization and vaccine design. High-throughput sequencing enables the identification of the multitude of antibodies elicited in response to dengue infection at the sequence level. Artificial intelligence can mine the complex data generated and has the potential to uncover patterns in entire antibody repertoires and detect signatures distinctive of single virus-binding antibodies. However, these machine learning have not been harnessed to determine the immune response to dengue virus. In order to enable the application of machine learning, we have benchmarked existing methods for encoding biological and chemical knowledge as inputs and have investigated novel encoding techniques. We have applied different machine learning methods such as neural networks, random forests, and support vector machines and have investigated the parameter space to determine best performing algorithms for the detection and prediction of antibody patterns at the repertoire and antibody sequence levels in dengue-infected individuals. Our results show that immune response signatures to dengue are detectable both at the antibody repertoire and at the antibody sequence levels. By combining machine learning with phylogenies and network analysis, we generated novel sequences that present dengue-binding specific signatures. These results might aid further antibody discovery and support vaccine design.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
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    Publikation
    Prospective artificial intelligence to dissect the dengue immune response and discover therapeutics
    (Frontiers, 15.06.2021) Natali, Eriberto; Babrak, Lmar; Miho, Enkelejda [in: frontiers in immunology]
    Dengue virus (DENV) poses a serious threat to global health as the causative agent of dengue fever. The virus is endemic in more than 128 countries resulting in approximately 390 million infection cases each year. Currently, there is no approved therapeutic for treatment nor a fully efficacious vaccine. The development of therapeutics is confounded and hampered by the complexity of the immune response to DENV, in particular to sequential infection with different DENV serotypes (DENV1–5). Researchers have shown that the DENV envelope (E) antigen is primarily responsible for the interaction and subsequent invasion of host cells for all serotypes and can elicit neutralizing antibodies in humans. The advent of high-throughput sequencing and the rapid advancements in computational analysis of complex data, has provided tools for the deconvolution of the DENV immune response. Several types of complex statistical analyses, machine learning models and complex visualizations can be applied to begin answering questions about the B- and T-cell immune responses to multiple infections, antibody-dependent enhancement, identification of novel therapeutics and advance vaccine research.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
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    Publikation
    Single Cell Gene Expression analysis in a 3D microtissue liver model reveals cell type-specific responses to pro-fibrotic TGF-β1 stimulation
    (MDPI, 22.04.2021) Messner, Catherine; Babrak, Lmar; Titolo, Gaia; Caj, Michaela; Miho, Enkelejda; Suter-Dick, Laura [in: International Journal of Molecular Sciences]
    3D cell culture systems are widely used to study disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Multicellular liver microtissues (MTs) comprising HepaRG, hTERT-HSC and THP-1 maintain multicellular interactions and physiological properties required to mimic liver fibrosis. However, the inherent complexity of multicellular 3D-systems often hinders the discrimination of cell type specific responses. Here, we aimed at applying single cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) to discern the molecular responses of cells involved in the development of fibrosis elicited by TGF-β1. To obtain single cell suspensions from the MTs, an enzymatic dissociation method was optimized. Isolated cells showed good viability, could be re-plated and cultured in 2D, and expressed specific markers determined by scRNA-seq, qRT-PCR, ELISA and immunostaining. The three cell populations were successfully clustered using supervised and unsupervised methods based on scRNA-seq data. TGF-β1 led to a fibrotic phenotype in the MTs, detected as decreased albumin and increased αSMA expression. Cell-type specific responses to the treatment were identified for each of the three cell types. They included HepaRG damage characterized by a decrease in cellular metabolism, prototypical inflammatory responses in THP-1s and extracellular matrix remodeling in hTERT-HSCs. Furthermore, we identified novel cell-specific putative fibrosis markers in hTERT-HSC (COL15A1), and THP-1 (ALOX5AP and LAPTM5).
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
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    Publikation
    A compact vocabulary of paratope-epitope interactions enables predictability of antibody-antigen binding
    (Cell Press, 16.03.2021) Miho, Enkelejda; Akbar, Rahmad; Pavlovic, Milena; Snapkov, Igor; Slabodkin, Andrei; Scheffer, Lonneke; Haff, Ingrid Hobaed; Tryslew Haug, Dag Trygve; Lund-Johanson, Fridtjof; Safonova, Yana; Greiff, Victor; Robert, Philippe; Jeliazkov, Jeliazko; Weber, Cedric; Sandve, Geir [in: Cell Reports]
    Antibody-antigen binding relies on the specific interaction of amino acids at the paratope-epitope interface. The predictability of antibody-antigen binding is a prerequisite for de novo antibody and (neo-)epitope design. A fundamental premise for the predictability of antibody-antigen binding is the existence of paratope-epitope interaction motifs that are universally shared among antibody-antigen structures. In a dataset of non-redundant antibody-antigen structures, we identify structural interaction motifs, which together compose a commonly shared structure-based vocabulary of paratope-epitope interactions. We show that this vocabulary enables the machine learnability of antibody-antigen binding on the paratope-epitope level using generative machine learning. The vocabulary (1) is compact, less than 104 motifs; (2) distinct from non-immune protein-protein interactions; and (3) mediates specific oligo- and polyreactive interactions between paratope-epitope pairs. Our work leverages combined structure- and sequence-based learning to demonstrate that machine-learning-driven predictive paratope and epitope engineering is feasible.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Publikation
    Benchmarking immunoinformatic tools for the analysis of antibody repertoire sequences
    (Oxford University Press, 24.12.2019) Smakaj, Erand; Babrak, Lmar; Tosoni, Deniz David; Galli, Christa; Miho, Enkelejda [in: Bioinformatics]
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Publikation
    Large-scale network analysis reveals the sequence space architecture of antibody repertoires
    (Nature, 21.03.2019) Miho, Enkelejda [in: Nature Communications]
    The architecture of mouse and human antibody repertoires is defined by the sequence similarity networks of the clones that compose them. The major principles that define the architecture of antibody repertoires have remained largely unknown. Here, we establish a high-performance computing platform to construct large-scale networks from comprehensive human and murine antibody repertoire sequencing datasets (>100,000 unique sequences). Leveraging a network-based statistical framework, we identify three fundamental principles of antibody repertoire architecture: reproducibility, robustness and redundancy. Antibody repertoire networks are highly reproducible across individuals despite high antibody sequence dissimilarity. The architecture of antibody repertoires is robust to the removal of up to 50–90% of randomly selected clones, but fragile to the removal of public clones shared among individuals. Finally, repertoire architecture is intrinsically redundant. Our analysis provides guidelines for the large-scale network analysis of immune repertoires and may be used in the future to define disease-associated and synthetic repertoires.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Publikation
    Traditional and Digital Biomarkers: Two Worlds Apart?
    (Karger, 2019) Babrak, Lmar; Miho, Enkelejda [in: Digital Biomarkers]
    The identification and application of biomarkers in the clinical and medical fields has an enor - mous impact on society. The increase of digital devices and the rise in popularity of health- related mobile apps has produced a new trove of biomarkers in large, diverse, and complex data. However, the unclear definition of digital biomarkers, population groups, and their in - tersection with traditional biomarkers hinders their discovery and validation. We have identi - fied current issues in the field of digital biomarkers and put forth suggestions to address them during the DayOne Workshop with participants from academia and industry. We have found similarities and differences between traditional and digital biomarkers in order to synchronize semantics, define unique features, review current regulatory procedures, and describe novel applications that enable precision medicine.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift