Boser Hofmann, Lukas
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The History of School Acts
2019, Westberg, Johannes, Boser Hofmann, Lukas, Brühwiler, Ingrid, Westberg, Johannes, Boser Hofmann, Lukas, Brühwiler, Ingrid
Volksaufklärung und sozialer Aufstieg. Ein Appenzeller Kalendermacher im 18. Jahrhundert
2019, Boser Hofmann, Lukas
Bauernkalender oder Almanache waren im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert ein wichtiges Medium der Volksaufklärung. In diesem Beitrag wird die These diskutiert, dass eine autodidaktisch angeeignete Bildung dem erstem Herausgeber des Appenzeller Kalenders, Johannes Tobler (1696–1765), zu einem beträchtlichen sozialen Aufstieg verholfen habe. Die Erfahrung habe Tobler schliesslich, so die These weiter, auch dazu gebracht, eine eigene, höchst modern anmutende Bildungsvorstellung zu entwickeln.
Sehen, Lesen, Sitzen, Schreiben. Die Konstruktion ‚des Schulkindes‘ durch die Statistik in der Schweiz im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert
2019, Boser Hofmann, Lukas, Hofmann, Michèle, Haas, Stefan, Schneider, Michael, Bilo, Nicolas
Kommentar zu Xue Yin: ‚Health, Science and Truth: How Health Becomes Culture Practice in Constructing Citizens‘
2018-09-21, Hofmann, Michèle, Boser Hofmann, Lukas
Introduction: form matters
2019, Boser Hofmann, Lukas, Caruso, Marcelo, Hofmann, Michèle
Writing (and its shape in particular) is given attention in this special issue in order to analyze multi-layered challenges of modern schooling, ranging from pedagogical to ideological and national ones. Focus is given to writing systems (including the aspect of graphic design), writing ideologies, writing practices and the role they play in the complex social construction and representations of national, regional, cultural, and individual identities. The authors contributing to this special issue analyze when and why nations, institutions, or individuals decided or were forced to change writing systems, aiming to elucidate the cultural and educational implications of those reforms. In this vein, the articles included in this special issue also focus on the social, cultural, and historical embeddedness of writing and writing systems, and on the role that education in general and schooling in particular has played in this process.
Fraktur or Antiqua in primary schools? The struggle for a unified typeface in German-speaking Switzerland between the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
2019, Hofmann, Michèle, Boser Hofmann, Lukas, Caruso, Marcelo
In this paper, we analyse the struggle for a unified style of writing in primary schools in the German-speaking part of Switzerland between the 1860s and the first decades of the twentieth century with regard to the contexts in which this struggle was embedded. In the late-nineteenth century, in German-speaking Switzerland, as in other parts of the German-speaking realm, a controversy emerged regarding whether general writing practices (handwriting and print) should adhere to the traditional Gothic script and typefaces called Fraktur or whether such practices should change in favour of the Latin script and typefaces called Antiqua. This controversy was fuelled by economic arguments (Latin script was used in international commerce), scientific arguments (the question of which type- face was “healthier” emerged), and arguments questioning which cultural liaisons should be upheld or even strengthened (Antiqua was identified with Romance and English languages and cultures, whereas Fraktur was identified with German language and culture). In German-speaking Switzerland, as a part of a multilingual country, the latter was particularly important because this question of cultural allegiance was expressed by the basic cultural practice of writing.
«Das Schulwesen aber ist und bleibet allezeit ein politicum». The Felbiger School Act and School Reform in the 18th century Habsburg Monarchy
2019, Viehhauser, Martin, Westberg, Johannes, Boser Hofmann, Lukas, Brühwiler, Ingrid
This chapter focuses on the school act General School Ordinance (Allgemeine Schulordnung) enacted by Austrian Empress Maria Theresa in 1774 and formulated by Johann Ignaz Felbiger. The main objective is to contextualize the school act with respect to the politics and institutional reforms of the Habsburg Monarchy in the eighteenth century. That period, characterized by enlightened absolutism, fostered a public sphere by creating bureaucratic structures and by defining new areas of public interest, including the school system, that Maria Theresa emphatically declared a matter of political concern. From this perspective, schooling appears to be a means of establishing a supranational political sphere for the territories of the Habsburg Monarchy, which became known as Monarchia Austriaca.
E Pluribus Unum. One Swiss School System based on many Cantonal School Acts
2019, Boser Hofmann, Lukas, Hofmann, Michèle, Brühwiler, Ingrid, Westberg, Johannes, Boser Hofmann, Lukas, Brühwiler, Ingrid
In this chapter, the authors raise the question of what makes the Swiss case worth presenting to an international audience. They argue that Switzerland is an interesting case because Swiss formal education lacks much of the structural systematization a system of mass schooling is expected to have. A close examination of the formal schooling in Switzerland reveals that every canton is given the autonomy to organize primary and most of secondary education. School structures and school legislation are mainly cantonal affairs, not guided by centralized agency or national body of law. However, given that similarities undoubtedly exist between those cantonal school systems, it is important to examine how those similarities came into being, as it is likely that the cantons are not as independent in their decision-making as it might appear at a first glance.
School acts and the rise of mass schooling. Education policy in the long nineteenth century
2019, Westberg, Johannes, Boser Hofmann, Lukas, Brühwiler, Ingrid
This book examines school acts in the long nineteenth century, traditionally considered as milestones or landmarks in the process of achieving universal education. Guided by a strong interest in social, cultural, and economic history, the case studies featured in the book rethink the actual value, the impact, and the ostensible purpose of school acts. The thirteen national case studies focus on the manner in which school acts were embedded in their particular historical contexts, offering a comprehensive and multidisciplinary overview of school acts and the role they played in the rise of mass schooling. Drawing together research from countries across the West, the editors and contributors analyse why these acts were passed, as well as their content and impact. This seminal collection will appeal to students and scholars of school acts and the history of mass schooling.
Die Vermessung „des Schulkindes“ an der Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert und ihre Folgen
2018-11-30, Hofmann, Michèle, Boser Hofmann, Lukas