IRF: Institutional Repository FHNW

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Publikation
Long-term Source-Specific Air Pollution Exposure Characterization for a Large Population-Based Swiss Cohort (SAPALDIA)
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006) Sally Liu, L J.; Curjuric, Ivan; Hazenkamp, Marianne; Keidel, Dirk; Bayer-Oglesby, Lucy; Ackermann-Liebrich, Ursula; Schindler, Christian [in: Epidemiology]
Although evidence on acute health effects related to traffic exhaust is accumulating, there is less information regarding long-term exposure of source-specific air pollution in the general population. The SAPALDIA study is a long-term air pollution study that included 7990 subjects from 8 areas in Switzerland with the first health examination in 1991 and the second examination in 2002. Each area was monitored with up to 3 monitoring sites for PM, NO2, and other gaseous pollutants. In 1999–2000, a sampling campaign was conducted for PM10, PM2.5, and black smoke at 16 Swiss sites. In 2002–2003, passive NO2 measurements were collected strategically over the year outside and inside approximately 60 homes per area. Annual average concentrations of source-specific and total PM2.5, PM10, and NOx were estimated using a Gaussian dispersion model with GIS to match individual residences of the SAPALDIA subjects. This paper examines the performance of the dispersion model, variation of source-specific air pollution exposures, and the implications of these findings to long-term air pollution epidemiologic studies. For PM10 in 2000, modeled values predicted 68% of the variability in the measurements. For NO2 in 2000, the model predicted the measured values with an R2 over 0.80. The R2 for traffic-specific pollutant predictions ranged between 0.44 (P = 0.08) for traffic-related PM2.5 and 0.81 (P < 0.01) for traffic-related NO2 for sites with low traffic impacts. However, when traffic sites were included in the comparisons, the R2 was lower, ranging between 0.41 for traffic-originated PM10 and 0.51 for traffic-originated NO2. Nevertheless, our preliminary results indicated that variance in traffic-originated pollutants accounted for up to 45% of the variance in total PM10, 69% of that in total PM2.5, and 91% of that in NOx. In addition, we smoothed actual NO2 measurements outside individual residences and correlated the resulting smoothed estimates at these sites with NO2 estimates from the dispersion model. To obtain good agreement between the measured and modeled surfaces (r > 0.60), the minimal spatial smoothing window was found to range between 200 m in rural Davos and 1.75 km for urban Basel. Our results indicate that sites affected largely by regional and urban background pollution are properly presented by the model. Locations impacted by local traffic, however, may not be adequately predicted by the model and need either fine-tuning of the model or additional parameters to reflect local conditions. Predictions of exposures to source-specific air pollution are being examined against a series of respiratory and cardiovascular health effects in other papers.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
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Publikation
Potenziale und Grenzen der Teilhabe und Integration von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund im organisierten Sport
(Springer VS, 2018) Schlesinger, Torsten; Klostermann, Claudia; Hayoz, Christelle; Nagel, Siegfried; Schneider, André; Köhler, Julia; Schumann, Frank [in: Fairplay im Sport. Beiträge zur Wertedebatte und den ethischen Potenzialen]
04A - Beitrag Sammelband
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Publikation
Sport treiben ein Leben lang?
(2011) Klostermann, Claudia; Nagel, Siegfried [in: Sportwissenschaft]
Aktuelle demographische Entwicklungen rücken Fragen nach den Einflussfaktoren der Sportbeteiligung von Menschen in der 2. Lebenshälfte in den Mittelpunkt sportwissenschaftlichen Interesses. Aufgrund der vielfältigen Lebenserfahrungen dieser Altersgruppe stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit die sportliche Vorgeschichte das aktuelle Sportengagement beeinflusst. Ausgehend vom Ansatz der Lebensverlaufsforschung wurden hierzu Personen ab dem 50. Lebensjahr zu ihrem aktuellen und früheren Sportengagement im retrospektiven Längsschnitt befragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass insbesondere ein langjähriges Sportengagement in der 1. Lebenshälfte sowie sportliche Aktivitäten im frühen Erwachsenenalter den Verlauf des Sportengagements in der 2. Lebenshälfte positiv beeinflussen. Darüber hinaus weisen Perioden- und Kohorteneffekte darauf hin, dass die lebenszeitlichen Abhängigkeiten des Sportengagements unter dem moderierenden Einfluss des sozialen Faktors Geschlecht sowie gesellschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen stehen.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
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Publikation
Changes in German sport participation: Historical trends in individual sports
(SAGE, 2012) Klostermann, Claudia; Nagel, Siegfried [in: International Review for the Sociology of Sport]
Sport has become a highly differentiated social phenomenon in recent years. Changes in society, such as individualization, the growing significance of the health and body culture, and changing values, are considered to be generative mechanisms for increasing social importance and the differentiation of modern sport. Although discussions in sport sociology attribute the changes observed in recent decades of sport participation to a socially determined differentiation of sport, this premise has hardly ever been empirically tested. The present study examines to what extent the postulated developments in sport can be observed on the micro level of those engaging in sport, by examining sport behaviour from a contemporary historical perspective. Based on a life-course approach to research, a total of 1739 over 50-year-olds in Germany were asked about their sport participation as part of a retrospective longitudinal study. Results show that the increasing differentiation of sport can be documented by more diversified forms of individual sport careers. During a 30-year observation period the popularity of competitive sport decreased and the variety of ways in which sport was organized increased. A differentiated analysis based on examining three birth cohorts showed that the reported change in sport participation can be attributed to age, cohort and period effects. In addition, the present study examines how specific events in contemporary history are reflected in individual sporting careers. Sport careers in Chemnitz (Eastern Germany) and Braunschweig (Western Germany) differed before German reunification, but these differences have evened out after the political changes and the process of transformation.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
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Publikation
The role of leisure-time physical activity in youth for lifelong activity—a latent profile analysis with retrospective life course data
(Springer, 2023) Lenze, Lars; Klostermann, Claudia; Schmid, Julia; Lamprecht, Markus; Nagel, Siegfried [in: German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research]
AbstractConsidering the positive health effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), youth is an important life stage to promote lifelong LTPA. However, the stability of LTPA over the life course is low, and specific predictors of LTPA in youth for lifelong activity have some shortcomings, e.g. neglecting the interacting factors of LTPA within individuals. Therefore, from a person-oriented approach, patterns of LTPA behaviour in youth considering time- and context-related aspects and their relationships with lifelong LTPA were investigated. Life course data from n = 1519 Swiss inhabitants aged between 25 and 76 years were recorded retrospectively using a validated questionnaire (CATI method). Latent profile analyses were used to find the optimal profile solution and for the association with lifelong LTPA auxiliary conditional effect models (controlled for age) were applied. Six distinct patterns emerged. Overall, mostly inactive youth are also the least active in adulthood, whereas several other patterns are associated with a mainly continuous LTPA throughout adulthood. More precisely, multiple constellations in youth occurred to be physically active in at least 80% of the years in adulthood: (1) early starters regarding LTPA in a rather self-organised setting but not with many different LTPAs; (2) late entrants with a variety of different activities and organisational settings; or (3) a high expression in every variable investigated. Consequently, there is not just one type of LTPA behaviour in youth linked to lifelong activity, which indicates that certain aspects of LTPA in youth can be compensated by each other. Implications for LTPA promotion can be derived.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift