Auflistung nach Autor:in "Reichl, Udo"

Gerade angezeigt 1 - 3 von 3

A novel concept combining experimental and mathematical analysis for the identification of unknown interspecies effects in a mixed culture
(Wiley, 08/2011) Schmidt, Julia K.; Riedele, Christian; Regestein, Lars; Rausenberger, Julia; Reichl, Udo
Bacteria in natural habitats only occur in consortia together with various other species. Characterization of bacterial species, however, is normally done by laboratory testing of pure isolates. Any interactions that might appear during growth in mixed-culture are obviously missed by this approach. Existing experimental studies mainly focus on two-species mixed cultures with species specifically chosen for their known growth characteristics, and their anticipated interactions. Various theoretical mathematical studies dealing with mixed cultures and possible interspecies effects exist, but often models cannot be validated due to a lack of experimental data. Here, we present a concept for the identification of interspecies effects in mixed cultures with arbitrary and unknown single-species properties. Model structure and parameters were inferred from single-species experiments for the reproduction of mixed-culture experiments by simulation. A mixed culture consisting of the three-species Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, and Staphylococcus aureus served as a model system. For species-specific enumeration a quantitative terminal restriction length polymorphism (qT-RFLP) assay was used. Based on models fitted to single-species cultivations, the outcome of mixed-culture experiments was predicted. Deviations of simulation results and experimental findings were then used to design additional single-cell experiments, to modify the corresponding growth kinetics, and to update model parameters. Eventually, the resulting mixed-culture dynamics was predicted and compared again to experimental results. During this iterative cycle, it became evident that the observed coexistence of P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia in mixed-culture chemostat experiments cannot be explained on the basis of glucose as the only substrate. After extension of growth kinetics, that is, for use of amino acids as secondary substrates, mixed-culture simulations represented the experimental findings very well. According to the model structure, as motivated by single-species experiments, the growth of P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia on glucose and amino acids could be assumed to be independent of each other. In contrast, both substrates are taken up simultaneously by S. aureus.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Coexistence in the chemostat as a result of metabolic by-products
(Springer, 2006) Rausenberger, Julia; Schmidt, Julia K.; Reichl, Udo; Flockerzi, Dietrich
Classical chemostat models assume that competition is purely exploitative and mediated via a common, limiting and single resource. However, in laboratory experiments with pathogens related to the genetic disease Cystic Fibrosis, species specific properties of production, inhibition and consumption of a metabolic by-product, acetate, were found. These assumptions were implemented into a mathematical chemostat model which consists of four nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing two species competing for one limiting nutrient in an open system. We derive classical chemostat results and find that our basic model supports the competitive exclusion principle, the bistability of the system as well as stable coexistence. The analytical results are illustrated by numerical simulations performed with experimentally measured parameter values. As a variant of our basic model, mimicking testing of antibiotics for therapeutic treatments in mixed cultures instead of pure ones, we consider the introduction of a lethal inhibitor, which cannot be eliminated by one of the species and is selective for the stronger competitor. We discuss our theoretical results in relation to our experimental model system and find that simulations coincide with the qualitative behavior of the experimental result in the case where the metabolic by-product serves as a second carbon source for one of the species, but not the producer.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Results from the CERN pilot CLOUD experiment
(Copernicus, 15.02.2010) Duplissy, Jonathan; Enghoff, Martin Bødker; Aplin, Karen L.; Arnold, Frank; Aufmhoff, Heinfried; Avngaard, Michael; Baltensperger, Urs; Bondo, Torsten; Bingham, Robert; Carslaw, Ken S.; Curtius, Joachim; David, A.; Fastrup, Bent; Gagné, Stéphanie; Hahn, F.; Harrison, Richerd Giles; Kellett, Barry; Kirkby, Jasper; Kulmala, Markku; Laakso, Lauri; Laaksonen, Ari; Lillestøl, Egil; Lockwood, Mike; Mäkelä, Jyrki Mikael; Makhmutov, Vladimir; Marsh, N. D.; Nieminen, Tuomo; Onnela, Antti; Pedersen, E.; Pedersen, Jens Olaf Pepke; Polny, Josef; Reichl, Udo; Seinfeld, John H.; Sipilä, Mikko; Stozhkov, Yuri; Stratmann, Frank; Svensmark, Henrik; Svensmark, Jacob; Veenhof, Rob; Verheggen, B.; Viisanen, Yrjö; Wagner, Paul E.; Wehrle, Günther; Weingartner, Ernest; Wex, Heike; Wilhelmsson, Mats; Winkler, Paul M.
During a 4-week run in October–November 2006, a pilot experiment was performed at the CERN Proton Synchrotron in preparation for the Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) experiment, whose aim is to study the possible influence of cosmic rays on clouds. The purpose of the pilot experiment was firstly to carry out exploratory measurements of the effect of ionising particle radiation on aerosol formation from trace H2SO4 vapour and secondly to provide technical input for the CLOUD design. A total of 44 nucleation bursts were produced and recorded, with formation rates of particles above the 3 nm detection threshold of between 0.1 and 100 cm−3s−1, and growth rates between 2 and 37 nm h−1. The corresponding H2O concentrations were typically around 106 cm−3 or less. The experimentally measured formation rates and H2SO4 concentrations are comparable to those found in the atmosphere, supporting the idea that sulphuric acid is involved in the nucleation of atmospheric aerosols. However, sulphuric acid alone is not able to explain the observed rapid growth rates, which suggests the presence of additional trace vapours in the aerosol chamber, whose identity is unknown. By analysing the charged fraction, a few of the aerosol bursts appear to have a contribution from ion-induced nucleation and ion-ion recombination to form neutral clusters. Some indications were also found for the accelerator beam timing and intensity to influence the aerosol particle formation rate at the highest experimental SO2 concentrations of 6 ppb, although none was found at lower concentrations. Overall, the exploratory measurements provide suggestive evidence for ion-induced nucleation or ion-ion recombination as sources of aerosol particles. However, in order to quantify the conditions under which ion processes become significant, improvements are needed in controlling the experimental variables and in the reproducibility of the experiments. Finally, concerning technical aspects, the most important lessons for the CLOUD design include the stringent requirement of internal cleanliness of the aerosol chamber, as well as maintenance of extremely stable temperatures (variations below 0.1 °C).
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift