IRF: Institutional Repository FHNW
Willkommen auf der Publikations- und Forschungsdatenbank der Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW.
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Neuzugänge
Studie zu den Leistungen in der Physiotherapie
(Schweizer Physiotherapie Verband, 09.05.2023) Kraft, Eliane; Josi, Renata; Manike, Katja; Schoch, Tobias; Thees, Oscar; Müller, Roman; Trittin, Anke; Zürcher, Yvonne; Schopf-Lazzarino, Andrea
Im Auftrag von Physioswiss, dem Schweizer Physiotherapie Verband, haben wir den Zeitaufwand für die eigentliche physiotherapeutische Behandlung und für definierte Tätigkeiten erhoben, die vor, nach oder zwischen den Behandlungen von Physiotherapeut/-innen durch-geführt werden. Ebenfalls untersucht wurde, wie diese Tätigkeiten abgerechnet werden. Das Studiendesign entsprach einer Querschnittsdatenerhebung bestehend aus einer Fremd- und einer Selbstbeobachtung. Es erlaubte uns, allfällige Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Erhebungsmethoden zu analysieren und Empfehlungen für eine zukünftige Datenerhebung bei den Physiotherapeut/-innen abzugeben. Die untersuchte Stichprobe basiert auf dem Zahlstellenregister der Sasis AG und ist nach Sprachregion und Praxisgrösse geschichtet. Insgesamt wurden in der Studie Daten zu knapp 5’000 Behandlungen erhoben.
05 - Forschungs- oder Arbeitsbericht
Data traceability for lifecycle management
(2024) Eisenbart, Barbara; Schlick, Sandra; Ganbold, Nomindari
Purpose – This paper studies the benefits of applying a single lifecycle management approach to improve data traceability. Through digitalization there is an increasing rise of “smarter” products. Hardware and software of smart products need to be managed throughout the entire product life cycle, requiring product traceability from product and application lifecycles.
Design/methodology/approach – The Design Science Research approach was applied. Data was collected at a Swiss company with around 16’000 employees worldwide via qualitative interviews (n=10) in an IT integration project with dispersed teams worldwide. The identified requirements were tested in an artefact with business using the tool Polarion.
Findings – The main result of this research shows that product data traceability can be improved with one life-
cycle management tool, which increases efficiency and improves the transparency of processes and disciplines. Findings from interviews confirmed the following requirements: direction, consistency, effort, completeness, visibility, and clarity.
Business implication – Smart Products are of raising importance for producing companies. However, traditionally ALM (software) and PLM (product/hardware) tools exist with different users and purpose. The study suggests the implementation of an integrated smart product life-cycle management tool due to its identified benefits to increase efficiency through training of users as well through harmonization and standardization.
Originality/ Value – The study revealed various perspectives of senior manager and application manager on lifecycle management. Different levels of management in the company, as well as their skills, have different opinions on data traceability and data integration benefits.
Type of work – Empirical Paper
06 - Präsentation
Uncovering cross-platform spreading patterns of fake news about COVID-19
(2023) Schiesser, Lukas; Witschel, Hans Friedrich; de la Harpe, Andre; Hinkelmann, Knut; Gerber, Aurona
The spreading of fake news or misinformation on social media is a serious threat to modern societies, making more and more people susceptible to being unfairly influenced in their decision-making, be it in elections or other democratic processes. We contribute to the body of work in the area of fake news detection by studying cross-platform, multivariate spreading patterns of fake news on Covid-19-related topics – where existing studies have focused strongly on single platforms and/or on single metrics or indicators. Our findings show that there are several attributes that are specific to the cross-platform spreading process that become important predictors of fake news: there is e.g. a clear tendency that fake news travels faster from one platform to the other than real news. Meanwhile, although we have compiled a cross-platform corpus of fake and real news that future research may build on, data availability remains a challenge for future work.
04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
Combining machine learning with human knowledge for delivery time estimations
(American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) Press, 2022) Lochbrunner, Markus; Witschel, Hans Friedrich; Martin, Andreas; Hinkelmann, Knut; Fill, Hans-Georg; Gerber, Aurona; Lenat, Doug; Stolle, Reinhard; van Harmelen, Frank
Although machine learning algorithms outperform humans in many predictive tasks, their quality depends much on the availability of sufficient and representative training data. On the other hand, humans are capable of making predictions based on “spontaneous” transfers of knowledge from other domains or situations in cases where no directly relevant experiences exist. This can be seen very well in the task of predicting lead times in goods transport, where sudden disruptions or shortages may occur that are not reflected in historical data, but known to a well-informed human. If the variation can be anticipated and more accurate lead times estimated, proactive measures can be taken to decrease the impact.
Therefore, we describe three novel approaches for delivery time predictions, combining a machine learning model with human input. The proposed logic covers two phases, learning based on actual delivery data and capturing human knowledge to cover exceptional situations not reflected in historical data. The proposed models and the resulting estimates were evaluated using deliveries from a retail company.
It was found that the pure machine learning model delivers better results than a combination of humans and machines. On the one hand, this is caused by the complexity of incorporating human knowledge into the algorithm in a suitable way. On the other hand, it is also due to the tendency of humans to over-generalise the impact of certain events. Thus, although the pure machine learning model delivers superior estimation accuracy than the human-machine combination, our systematic qualitative analysis of the results presents insights for future development in this area.
04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
Contrastive analysis of crisis communication in the DACH region and Scandinavia on the example of the Covid-19 pandemic
(2023) Verhoeven, Marcel; Bomnüter, Udo
Problem, research purpose and relevance to media management scholarship
The study at hand discusses the following topics specified in the call #emmaLeeuwarden 2024: It outlines the quality of public and social media content addressing the societal and political challenges of the containment of the Covid-19 pandemic. The findings thus invite reflection on responsible leadership practices in media management by outlining contents, dissemination, and reception. The recent Covid-19 pandemic differed from other health emergencies due to its complexity and rapid evolvement and confronted public institutions worldwide with unprecedented challenges (Rubinelli et al., 2023). The scope and complexity are also reflected in the volume of research into a wide range of facets of communication on the pandemic. Research on the topical field ‘Covid-19 communication’ must be framed in a meaningful context that enables reflection, comparison, and interpretation of results.
The importance of effective crisis communication is confirmed. Communication can help to reduce anxiety and confusion among people and can enhance trust between various publics and health authorities (Varghese et al., 2021). Similarly, communication is essential for evoking awareness at a targeted public (Cooks et al., 2022; Prochaska, 2020). Effective communication can prevent or reduce societally undesirable outcomes of misinformation. In this argumentation, the role of public media and thus of responsible media management in the dissemination of information attains (further) relevance.
Research and analysis method
A concise form of qualitative content analysis (Mayring, 2015) is deployed on empirical studies of facets of public communication on Covid-19. In addition, the procedure that includes inductive category development and deductive category application, is conducted regarding communication by various public (health) authorities and societal institutions.
Results: Contextualizing crisis communication on Covid-19 in the DACH region and Scandinavia
The consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic are widespread illness, death, economic disruption, and healthcare challenges. The course of the Covid-19 pandemic and the deployed containment policies are described in the global, European, supra-regional, and national context. The course of the pandemic in DACH countries and Scandinavia shows similarities as well as significant differences.
The actors communicating during the pandemic can be charted as governmental institutions, experts, public health boards, media professionals, and other content creators, such as professed experts, and users generating online content. Other societal actors publicly discuss Covid-19 and containment.
The channels of communication are traditional news media, online and social media. The social (socialization, orientation, integration) and political (monitoring, warning, forum, activation) functions of established (news) media has evoked the distribution of information regarded as legitimate by media gatekeepers, and mandated sources prevailed for a certain (initial) period. In times of crises and an unusually strong need for orientation, people turn to readily available and ‘fast’ news sources (Van Aelst et al., 2021). ‘Alternative’ news media for various commercial and/or ideological reasons distribute (mis-) information also from other sources. Social media can (after adaptation) disseminate information of all sources, whereby the (reconfigured) output of traditional media constitutes a large share. In general, the social media content on the Covid-19 pandemic is from a public health perspective regarded as ambivalent. Social media may be used to interact with a large and / or specific audience quickly and easily. However, authorities deploy mainly one-directional communication (Ding & Zhang, 2010). Moreover, misinformation is rampant (Kouzy et al., 2020), social media communication is negatively associated with support for healthy behaviours (Friemel & Geber, 2022) and provide an arena for political instrumentalization (Bolsen & Palm, 2022).
Public authorities, institutions, organizations, associations, and panels mandated with containment of the pandemic inform to reach a variety of timely and situation-based goals by providing content. In contrast, many studies point at the salience of misinformation (Dhawan et al., 2021; Gisondi et al., 2022 ; Kricorian et al., 2022; Kim & Tandoc, 2022; Pierri et al., 2022; Seo & Faris, 2021; Song et al, 2021). Meta-analyses by de Saint Laurent et al. (2022) and Skafle et al. (2022) show that this problem is widespread, but misinformation can vary depending on the country, region, or even local community (Leuker et al., 2022).
The reception of communicated information on COVID-19 containment can vary significantly among individuals and communities. People process and respond to information based on their cognitive, emotional, and sociocultural factors (Barello et al., 2021; Paakkari & Okan, 2020; Seng et al., 2023).
The platform of the emma 2024 conference offers the welcome opportunity of an expert discussion on further elements of a contextualization of communication on Covid-19.
06 - Präsentation