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Ergebnisse nach Hochschule und Institut
Publikation Do MCH prisms change asthenopic complaints when reading?(DOZ-Verlag, 28.06.2024) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, StephaniePurpose. Asthenopic symptoms mostly occur during demanding near-sighted tasks and are related to binocular symptoms (e.g. heterophoria), among others. Correction of symptomatic heterophoria with prismatic glasses is one way to treat the symptoms. This study investigates the effect of wearing a horizontal prismatic correction for 6 months. Material and Methods. A total of 87 subjects were assigned to a heterophoric prism group (N=32), a heterophoric control group (N= 31) or an orthophoric control group (N= 24) according to their MCH heterophoria. In the heterophoric prism group, the subjects were prescribed glasses with a prismatic correction for 6 months according to their distance correction; in contrast, the subjects in the heterophoric control group had to wear glasses without prismatic correction for the same period. The effect of the prisms on complaints due to asthenopic symptoms was investigated by comparing the total sum obtained in the CISS questionnaire at the beginning of the study and after 6 months (before and after wearing glasses) for the 3 groups. Results. A (long-term) prism effect was not apparent in the CISS total score. In both the heterophoric prism group and in the heterophoric control group, the CISS total score increased slightly and non-significantly after 6 months. When considering the heterophoric subjects with an increased CISS score at baseline, a nevertheless slight but non-significant decrease of symptoms was observed. All changes were observed in both the heterophoric prism group and the heterophoric control group. An additional analysis using binocular profiles showed a reduction in symptoms by numbers and specifically for subjects with reduced vergence facility. Conclusion. Wearing an individual, horizontal prismatic correction had no effect on the overall CISS-score for our test subjects. Further methods that allow a systematic recording of symptoms and optometric parameters are probably necessary to observe an effect. These could be binocular profiles that classify individuals according to their binocular parameters.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Do standard optometric measures predict binocular coordination during reading?(Bern Open Publishing, 21.01.2021) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, StephanieIn reading, binocular eye movements are required for optimal visual processing and thus, in case of asthenopia or reading problems, standard orthoptic and optometric routines check individual binocular vision by a variety of tests. The present study therefore examines the predictive value of such standard measures of heterophoria, accommodative and vergence facility, AC/A-ratio, NPC and symptoms for binocular coordination parameters during reading. Binocular eye movements were recorded (EyeLink II) for 65 volunteers during a typical reading task and linear regression analyses related all parameters of binocular coordination to all above-mentioned optometric measures: while saccade disconjugacy was weakly predicted by vergence facility (15% explained variance), vergence facility, AC/A and symptoms scores predicted vergence drift (31%). Heterophoria, vergence facility and NPC explained 31% of fixation disparity and first fixation duration showed minor relations to symptoms (18%). In sum, we found only weak to moderate relationships, with expected, selective associations: dynamic parameter related to optometric tests addressing vergence dynamics, whereas the static parameter (fixation disparity) related mainly to heterophoria. Most surprisingly, symptoms were only loosely related to vergence drift and fixation duration, reflecting associations to a dynamic aspect of binocular eye movements in reading and potentially non-specific, overall but slight reading deficiency. Thus, the efficiency of optometric tests to predict binocular coordination during reading was low – questioning a simple, straightforward extrapolation of such test results to an overlearned, complex task.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Relating asthenopic symptoms to optometric measures and parameters of binocular vision(08/2022) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, StephanieAsthenopic symptoms are related to heterophoria and problems of binocular vision. In a recent paper, we showed that vergence drift and fixation durations are related to symptoms (CISS-questionnaire), but optometric measures such as heterophoria, vergence or accommodative facility, AC/A-ratio or NPC did not significantly add to the explained variance of asthenopia. We re-analysed our data, in which binocular eye movements were recorded (EyeLink II) for 64 participants, and linear regression analyses related all parameters of binocular coordination (objective heterophoria, vergence drift, saccade disconjugacy, fixation disparity and fixation duration), and the above-mentioned optometric tests to 4 symptoms factors (eye comfort, reading process, image quality and fatigue), which we identified by a factor analysis of the CISS-questionnaire. Objective heterophoria and fixation duration predicted 20% of the variance in symptoms concerning the reading process (factor 2). Furthermore, fixation duration seems to be slightly, but not significantly, related to symptoms addressing fatigue (factor 4), whereas optometric tests are not significantly related to any asthenopia factor. Overall, objective measures during reading relate to asthenopic symptoms, however the lack of asthenopic symptoms prediction by daily optometric parameters is still unexplained. Therefore, further research is needed to find out suited optometric parameters to infer asthenopic symptoms.06 - PräsentationPublikation Binocular advantages in reading revisited. Attenuating effects of individual horizontal heterophoria(Bern Open Publishing, 09.12.2019) Jainta, Stephanie; Joss, JoëlleReading with two eyes necessitates efficient processes of binocular vision, which provide a single percept of the text. These processes come with a binocular advantage: binocular reading shows shorter average fixation durations and sentence reading times when compared to monocular reading. A couple of years ago, we showed for a small sample (N=13) that binocular advantages critically relate to the individual heterophoria (the resting state of vergence). In the present, large-scale replication we collected binocular eye movements (Eyelink II) for 94 participants who read 20 sentences monocularly and 20 sentences binocularly. Further, individual heterophorias were determined using three different optometric standards: objective eye tracking (EyeLink II at 60 cm), Maddox wing test (at 30 cm) and measures following the “Guidelines for the application of the Measuring and Correcting Methodology after H.-J. Haase” (MCH; at 6 m). Binocular eye movements showed typical pattern and we replicated (1) binocular advantages of about 25 ms for average fixation durations and (2) a reduction in binocular advantages when heterophoria increased – but only when heterophoria was identified by EyeLink II or Maddox wing measures; MCH measures of heterophoria did not affect binocular advantages in reading. For large heterophorias binocular reading even turned into a disadvantage. Implications for effect estimations and optometric testing will be discussed.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Hornhautsensibilität Teil 1: Grundlagen und Messung(2013) Nosch, DanielaDie Hornhautsensibilität wird durch eine neurologische Reaktion der frei liegenden Nervenfaserenden im Hornhautepithel bestimmt. Diese registrieren mechanische, chemische und thermische Reizungen und versorgen somit die Hornhaut mit einem wichtigen Schutzmechanismus vor schädlichen Einflüssen aus der Umwelt: Eine mechanische Reizung bewirkt eine Empfindung von Schmerz, eine elektrische Reizung verursacht Schmerzen und Irritation, ein kalter Stimulus wird als kühlend wahrgenommen, ein warmer Stimulus hingegen verursacht Irritation, während eine chemische Reizung als brennend oder gar stechender Schmerz empfunden wird. In diesem Artikel werden die Wissensgrundlagen zu den oberflächlichen Hornhautnerven zusammengefasst: deren Rolle bei der Erhaltung eines gesunden Stoffwechsels der Hornhaut, ihre Innervation, die verschiedenen schmerzempfindlichen cornealen Nerventypen und ihre Nervenenden, die Morphologie des epithelialen subbasalen Nervenplexus und schließlich die Messung der Hornhautsensibilität.01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder ZeitungPublikation Periphere Epitheliale Corneale Hypertrophie (PECH) beim Tragen weicher hydrophiler Kontaktlinsen(05/2016) Bronner, Rainer; Nosch, DanielaPeripheral epithelial corneal hyperfluorescence (PECH) in daily soft contact lens (CL) wear is described by three case reports. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) measurements show the presence of epithelial corneal hypertrophy on affected eyes. A statistical analysis of a group of patients with PECH in comparison to a control group suggests a hypoxic cause for PECH. Further clinical studies with balanced patient populations are required to confirm these findings, as the population of this study group was affected by a selection bias.01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder ZeitungPublikation Hornhautsensibilität Teil 2: Der Einfluss von Kontaktlinsen(01/2014) Nosch, DanielaDie Messung der Hornhautsensibilität ermöglicht eine Beurteilung der Funktionstüchtigkeit der schmerzempfindlichen oberflächlichen Hornhautnerven. Daraus ergeben sich wichtige Hinweise auf die Gesundheit der Hornhaut im Verlauf eines Erkrankungsprozesses, während der Heilungsphase nach einer Verletzung oder einem refraktiv-chirurgischen Eingriff, sowie beim Kontaktlinsentragen. Die Nervenenden in der Hornhaut und Bindehaut sind über ein komplexes Feedback-Netzwerk (unter Aktivierung von Hirnstamm Regelkreisen) mit den Tränendrüsen und dem Musculus orbicularis oculi verbunden, um die Gesundheit der Augenvorderfläche und den Tränenfilm jederzeit zu überwachen und zu erhalten. Für die Regulierung des Heilungsprozesses nach Verletzungen lösen sie die Freigabe von trophischen Substanzen (Neuropeptide und Neurotrophine) aus. Dieser Beitrag fasst die publizierte Literatur über den Einfluss des Kontaktlinsentragens zusammen und erläutert, welche Auswirkungen verschiedene Kontaktlinsenmaterialien und Tragemodi haben.01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder ZeitungPublikation Hornhautsensibilität Teil 3: Das Trockene Auge, Keratokonus, refraktive Chirurgie, Keratoplastik und systemische Erkrankungen(02/2014) Nosch, DanielaDie vorangegangenen beiden Artikel machten deutlich, welche wichtige Rolle die oberflächlichen Nerven im cornealen epithelialen sub-basalen Nervenplexus für eine gesunde Hornhaut spielen und wie sie in ihrer Reaktionsfähigkeit durch das Tragen von Kontaktlinsen beeinflusst werden können. Dieser dritte Artikel handelt von möglichen Änderungen der Hornhautsensibilität bei der Entwicklung des trockenen Auges (und in seinem weiteren Krankheitsverlauf), bei Keratokonus, refraktiver Chirurgie, Keratoplastik sowie infolge systemischer Erkrankungen, wie beispielsweise der peripheren Neuropathie bei Diabetes.01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder ZeitungPublikation The accuracy of dynamic contour tonometry over soft contact lenses(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 02/2013) Gogniat, Fabrice; Steinegger, Daniela; Nosch, Daniela; Joos, Roland E; Goldschmidt, MichaelPurpose. Dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) has been shown to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) independently of corneal thickness. This study aimed to investigate if DCT remains accurate when the IOP measurement is taken over soft contact lenses (CLs) of different thicknesses and material characteristics. Methods. This was a prospective clinical study that included 42 patients. Subject age was 22 to 59 years (26.5 T 6.3 years). Intraocular pressure and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) measurements were taken under topical anesthesia without CLs and over various daily disposable CLs with j0.50, +5.00, and j5.00 diopters (D) in hydrogel (Nelfilcon A) and in silicone hydrogel (Narafilcon A) materials. Results. No statistically significant differences were found when comparing the IOP measurements obtained using either of the different CL powers of j0.50 or j5.00 D, irrespective of which CL material was being used. However, the difference of 0.62mmHg observed when the Nelfilcon Awith a power of +5.00Dwas used turned out to be highly statistically significant (p = 0.0002), whereas the Narafilcon Awith the same power of +5.00 D, with a small difference of j0.16 mm Hg, was not. Regarding OPA measurements, no significant differences were found between measurements with and without CL neither for different materials nor for change in dioptrical power (F = 0, p = 1.000). Conclusions. This study showed good reliability of IOP and OPA measurements over CLs with varying thickness profiles and different soft materials when using the DCT. Only a small but statistically significant difference of 0.62mmHg was found for the IOP measurement with the hydrogel CL of +5.00 D compared with ‘‘no CL.’’01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Effects of Prism Eyeglasses on Objective and Subjective Fixation Disparity(Public Library of Science, 02.10.2015) Schroth, Volkhard; Joos, Roland; Jaschinski, WolfgangIn optometry of binocular vision, the question may arise whether prisms should be included in eyeglasses to compensate an oculomotor and/or sensory imbalance between the two eyes. The corresponding measures of objective and subjective fixation disparity may be reduced by the prisms, or the adaptability of the binocular vergence system may diminish effects of the prisms over time. This study investigates effects of wearing prisms constantly for about 5 weeks in daily life. Two groups of 12 participants received eyeglasses with prisms having either a base-in direction or a base-out direction with an amount up to 8 prism diopters. Prisms were prescribed based on clinical fixation disparity test plates at 6 m. Two dependent variables were used: (1) subjective fixation disparity was indicated by a perceived offset of dichoptic nonius lines that were superimposed on the fusion stimuli and (2) objective fixation disparity was measured with a video based eye tracker relative to monocular calibration. Stimuli were presented at 6 m and included either central or more peripheral fusion stimuli. Repeated measurements were made without the prisms and with the prisms after about 5 weeks of wearing these prisms. Objective and subjective fixation disparity were correlated, but the type of fusion stimulus and the direction of the required prism may play a role. The prisms did not reduce the fixation disparity to zero, but induced significant changes in fixation disparity with large effect sizes. Participants receiving base-out prisms showed hypothesized effects, which were concurrent in both types of fixation disparity. In participants receiving base-in prisms, the individual effects of subjective and objective effects were negatively correlated: the larger the subjective (sensory) effect, the smaller the objective (motor) effect. This response pattern was related to the vergence adaptability, i.e. the individual fusional vergence reserves.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift