Hochschule für Technik und Umwelt FHNW
Dauerhafte URI für den Bereichhttps://irf.fhnw.ch/handle/11654/35
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Bereich: Suchergebnisse
Publikation Air cleaners and respiratory infections in schools. A modeling study using epidemiological, environmental, and molecular data(Oxford University Press, 30.12.2023) Banholzer, Nicolas; Jent, Philipp; Bittel, Pascal; Zürcher, Kathrin; Furrer, Lavinia; Bertschinger, Simon; Weingartner, Ernest; Ramette, Alban; Egger, Matthias; Hascher, Tina; Fenner, LukasAbstractBackgroundUsing a multiple-measurement approach, we examined the real-world effectiveness of portable HEPA-air filtration devices (air cleaners) in a school setting.MethodsWe collected environmental (CO2, particle concentrations), epidemiological (absences related to respiratory infections), audio (coughing), and molecular data (bioaerosol and saliva samples) over seven weeks during winter 2022/2023 in two Swiss secondary school classes. Using a cross-over study design, we compared particle concentrations, coughing, and the risk of infection with vs without air cleaners.ResultsAll 38 students (age 13−15 years) participated. With air cleaners, mean particle con-centration decreased by 77% (95% credible interval 63%−86%). There were no differences in CO2levels. Absences related to respiratory infections were 22 without vs 13 with air cleaners. Bayesian modeling suggested a reduced risk of infection, with a posterior probability of 91% and a relative risk of 0.73 (95% credible interval 0.44−1.18). Coughing also tended to be less frequent (posterior probability 93%). Molecular analysis detected mainly non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses in saliva (50/448 positive), but not in bioaerosols (2/105 positive) or HEPA-filters (4/160). The detection rate was similar with vs without air cleaners. Spatiotemporal analysis of positive saliva samples identified several likely transmissions.ConclusionsAir cleaners improved air quality, showed a potential benefit in reducing respiratory infections, and were associated with less coughing. Airborne detection of non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses was rare, suggesting that these viruses may be more difficult to detect in the air. Future studies should examine the importance of close contact and long-range transmission, and the cost-effectiveness of using air cleaners.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Do MCH prisms change asthenopic complaints when reading?(DOZ-Verlag, 28.06.2024) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, StephaniePurpose. Asthenopic symptoms mostly occur during demanding near-sighted tasks and are related to binocular symptoms (e.g. heterophoria), among others. Correction of symptomatic heterophoria with prismatic glasses is one way to treat the symptoms. This study investigates the effect of wearing a horizontal prismatic correction for 6 months. Material and Methods. A total of 87 subjects were assigned to a heterophoric prism group (N=32), a heterophoric control group (N= 31) or an orthophoric control group (N= 24) according to their MCH heterophoria. In the heterophoric prism group, the subjects were prescribed glasses with a prismatic correction for 6 months according to their distance correction; in contrast, the subjects in the heterophoric control group had to wear glasses without prismatic correction for the same period. The effect of the prisms on complaints due to asthenopic symptoms was investigated by comparing the total sum obtained in the CISS questionnaire at the beginning of the study and after 6 months (before and after wearing glasses) for the 3 groups. Results. A (long-term) prism effect was not apparent in the CISS total score. In both the heterophoric prism group and in the heterophoric control group, the CISS total score increased slightly and non-significantly after 6 months. When considering the heterophoric subjects with an increased CISS score at baseline, a nevertheless slight but non-significant decrease of symptoms was observed. All changes were observed in both the heterophoric prism group and the heterophoric control group. An additional analysis using binocular profiles showed a reduction in symptoms by numbers and specifically for subjects with reduced vergence facility. Conclusion. Wearing an individual, horizontal prismatic correction had no effect on the overall CISS-score for our test subjects. Further methods that allow a systematic recording of symptoms and optometric parameters are probably necessary to observe an effect. These could be binocular profiles that classify individuals according to their binocular parameters.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Verändern MKH-Prismen den binokularen Vorteil beim Lesen?(DOZ-Verlag, 2022) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, StephanieZweck. Beim Lesen mit beiden Augen stellt sich ein binokularer Vorteil (kürzere Lese- und Fixationszeiten im Vergleich zu monokularem Lesen), welcher durch Prozesse der motorischen und sensorischen Fusion zustande kommt, ein. Der binokulare Vorteil beim Lesen ist zum Teil von der individuellen horizontalen Heterophorie abhängig und damit stellte sich die Frage, ob sich prismatische Korrektionen (bestimmt nach der MKH-Methode, zum Ausgleich einer Heterophorie) auf den binokularen Vorteil oder auf Parameter der binokularen Koordination beim Lesen auswirken. Material und Methoden. Wir haben die binokularen Augenbewegungen von 54 Personen mit einer individuellen horizontalen Heterophorie beim Lesen vermessen (Eyelink II): für (1) monokular, (2) binokular, (3) binokular mit Disparität (entsprechend MKH-Prisma) und (4) binokular mit Disparität nach sechs Monaten präsentierte, deutschsprachige Sätze (insg. 120). In der sechsmonatigen Pause zwischen Messung (3) und (4) trugen 29 Personen Brillen mit prismatischen Korrektionen, während 25 Personen als Kontrollgruppe fungierten. Ergebnisse. Unsere Daten zeigten einen klaren, signifikantenVorteil für binokulares Lesen für alle Personen, ohne dass eine kurzfristige Präsentation einer individuellen Disparität (analog eines MKH-Prismas) daran etwas änderte. Erst nach einer Prismentragezeit von sechs Monaten zeigte sich zusätzlich ein tendenziell größerer binokularer Vorteil in der „Prismengruppe“ im Vergleich zur „Kontrollgruppe“. Parallel dazu nahm die Kopplung der Augen (Diskonjunktion) leicht zu und die objektive Fixationsdisparität nahm signifikant ab. Fazit. Das Tragen einer individuellen prismatischen, horizontalen Korrektion (MKH) hatte für unsere Studienteilnehmer*innen einen Einfluss auf die binokulare Koordination beim Lesen und erhöhte gleichzeitig den binokularen Vorteil. Dieser eher mittel- bis langfristige Effekt von prismatischen Korrektionen ist neu und sollte in weiteren Studien vertieft untersucht werden.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Do standard optometric measures predict binocular coordination during reading?(Bern Open Publishing, 21.01.2021) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, StephanieIn reading, binocular eye movements are required for optimal visual processing and thus, in case of asthenopia or reading problems, standard orthoptic and optometric routines check individual binocular vision by a variety of tests. The present study therefore examines the predictive value of such standard measures of heterophoria, accommodative and vergence facility, AC/A-ratio, NPC and symptoms for binocular coordination parameters during reading. Binocular eye movements were recorded (EyeLink II) for 65 volunteers during a typical reading task and linear regression analyses related all parameters of binocular coordination to all above-mentioned optometric measures: while saccade disconjugacy was weakly predicted by vergence facility (15% explained variance), vergence facility, AC/A and symptoms scores predicted vergence drift (31%). Heterophoria, vergence facility and NPC explained 31% of fixation disparity and first fixation duration showed minor relations to symptoms (18%). In sum, we found only weak to moderate relationships, with expected, selective associations: dynamic parameter related to optometric tests addressing vergence dynamics, whereas the static parameter (fixation disparity) related mainly to heterophoria. Most surprisingly, symptoms were only loosely related to vergence drift and fixation duration, reflecting associations to a dynamic aspect of binocular eye movements in reading and potentially non-specific, overall but slight reading deficiency. Thus, the efficiency of optometric tests to predict binocular coordination during reading was low – questioning a simple, straightforward extrapolation of such test results to an overlearned, complex task.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Einblick. Nach mehr als zwei Jahren Forschung gibt es Neuigkeiten zur Wirkung prismatischer Korrekturen beim Lesen(Galledia, 10/2022) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, Stephanie01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder ZeitungPublikation Relating asthenopic symptoms to optometric measures and parameters of binocular vision(08/2022) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, StephanieAsthenopic symptoms are related to heterophoria and problems of binocular vision. In a recent paper, we showed that vergence drift and fixation durations are related to symptoms (CISS-questionnaire), but optometric measures such as heterophoria, vergence or accommodative facility, AC/A-ratio or NPC did not significantly add to the explained variance of asthenopia. We re-analysed our data, in which binocular eye movements were recorded (EyeLink II) for 64 participants, and linear regression analyses related all parameters of binocular coordination (objective heterophoria, vergence drift, saccade disconjugacy, fixation disparity and fixation duration), and the above-mentioned optometric tests to 4 symptoms factors (eye comfort, reading process, image quality and fatigue), which we identified by a factor analysis of the CISS-questionnaire. Objective heterophoria and fixation duration predicted 20% of the variance in symptoms concerning the reading process (factor 2). Furthermore, fixation duration seems to be slightly, but not significantly, related to symptoms addressing fatigue (factor 4), whereas optometric tests are not significantly related to any asthenopia factor. Overall, objective measures during reading relate to asthenopic symptoms, however the lack of asthenopic symptoms prediction by daily optometric parameters is still unexplained. Therefore, further research is needed to find out suited optometric parameters to infer asthenopic symptoms.06 - Präsentation