Pascal, Joris
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Towards tracking of deep brain stimulation electrodes using an integrated magnetometer
This paper presents a tracking system using magnetometers, possibly integrable in a deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode. DBS is a treatment for movement disorders where the position of the implant is of prime importance. Positioning challenges during the surgery could be addressed thanks to a magnetic tracking. The system proposed in this paper, complementary to existing procedures, has been designed to bridge preoperative clinical imaging with DBS surgery, allowing the surgeon to increase his/her control on the implantation trajectory. Here the magnetic source required for tracking consists of three coils, and is experimentally mapped. This mapping has been performed with an in-house three-dimensional magnetic camera. The system demonstrates how magnetometers integrated directly at the tip of a DBS electrode, might improve treatment by monitoring the position during and after the surgery. The three-dimensional operation without line of sight has been demonstrated using a reference obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a simplified brain model. We observed experimentally a mean absolute error of 1.35 mm and an Euclidean error of 3.07 mm. Several areas of improvement to target errors below 1 mm are also discussed.
Experimental assessment of the performances of an anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor after exposure to strong magnetic fields
On-chip magnetometers are already integrated within long-term implants such as cardiac implantable electronic devices. They are also good candidates to be integrated within the next generations of brain stimulation electrodes to provide their position and orientation. In all cases, long-term implants are expected to be at least certified as MRI conditional. We investigated the resilience to the exposure to 3 T and 7 T of an anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor integrating a set/reset function. The sensitivity, non-linearity, and offset of a batch of 63 identical sensors were not affected by the exposure. These preliminary results provide new insights on the usability of magnetoresistive sensors for biomedical applications requiring MRI conditionality.
Towards tracking of deep brain stimulation electrodes using an integrated magnetometer
This paper presents a tracking system using magnetometers, possibly integrable in a deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode. DBS is a treatment for movement disorders where the position of the implant is of prime importance. Positioning challenges during the surgery could be addressed thanks to a magnetic tracking. The system proposed in this paper, complementary to existing procedures, has been designed to bridge preoperative clinical imaging with DBS surgery, allowing the surgeon to increase his/her control on the implantation trajectory. Here the magnetic source required for tracking consists of three coils, and is experimentally mapped. This mapping has been performed with an in-house three-dimensional magnetic camera. The system demonstrates how magnetometers integrated directly at the tip of a DBS electrode, might improve treatment by monitoring the position during and after the surgery. The three-dimensional operation without line of sight has been demonstrated using a reference obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a simplified brain model. We observed experimentally a mean absolute error of 1.35 mm and an Euclidean error of 3.07 mm. Several areas of improvement to target errors below 1 mm are also discussed.
Towards a new generation of electromagnetic navigation system for deep brain stimulation
Tracking the orientation of deep brain stimulation electrodes using an embedded magnetic sensor
This paper proposes a three-dimensional (3D) orientation tracking method of a 3D magnetic sensor embedded in a 2.5 mm diameter electrode. Our system aims to be used during intraoperative surgery to detect the orientation of directional leads (D-leads) for deep brain stimulation (DBS).