Gaiser, Carine
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Carine
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Gaiser, Carine
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- PublikationElectrospun decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds promote the regeneration of injured neurons(Elsevier, 09/2023) Mungenast, Lena; Nieminen, Ronya; Gaiser, Carine; Faia-Torres, Ana Bela; Rühe, Jürgen; Suter-Dick, Laura [in: Biomaterials and Biosystems]01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationA perfused in vitro human iPSC-derived blood–brain barrier faithfully mimics transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis of therapeutic antibodies(Springer, 2023) Burgio, Floriana; Gaiser, Carine; Brady, Kevin; Gatta, Viviana; Class, Reiner; Schrage, Ramona; Suter-Dick, Laura [in: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology]Delivering biologics to elicit a therapeutic response in the central nervous system (CNS) remains challenging due to the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Receptor-mediated transcytosis is a strategy to improve brain exposure after systemic drug administration. The availability of a clinically relevant in vitro BBB model is crucial to investigate transcytosis pathways and to predict the penetration of biologics into the CNS. We created a perfused human in vitro BBB model made of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) for studying transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis. iPSC-derived BMEC were seeded in the top channel of a three-lane microfluidic device (OrganoPlate®). After 2 days in culture, the established cell model exhibited relevant BBB features, including physiological transendothelial electrical resistance in a transwell setting (1500 Ω*cm), reduced apparent permeability (Papp) to the fluorescence tracer Lucifer yellow (20-fold less than cell-free chips), expression of key BBB markers such as tight junctions proteins, transporters, receptors and functional P-gp efflux pump. Moreover, the model exhibited functional transferrin receptor-mediated uptake and transcytosis. To assess selective transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis, a mixture of anti-human transferrin receptor (MEM-189) and control (sheep IgG anti-bovine serum albumin) antibodies was perfused in the top channel for 2 h. The Papp of MEM-189 was 11-fold higher than that of the control antibody, demonstrating facilitated receptor-mediated transcytosis. Compared to published work reporting a 2-fold ratio, this result is remarkable and establishes the suitability of our model for exploring receptor-mediated transcytosis and screening of antibodies for putative brain shuttle application. A perfused in vitro human model made of iPSC-derived BMEC with the chief characteristics (barrier tightness, functionality) of the human BBB can be applied to study transferrin receptor (TfR)-mediated transcytosis of therapeutic antibodies. This may bring critical advances in drug shuttle technology. Graphical abstract generated with biorender.com.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationMethotrexate-induced liver injury is associated with oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial respiration, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in vitro(MDPI, 01.12.2022) Schmidt, Saskia; Messner, Catherine; Gaiser, Carine; Hämmerli, Carina; Suter-Dick, Laura [in: International Journal of Molecular Sciences]Low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is a standard therapy for rheumatoid arthritis due to its low cost and efficacy. Despite these benefits, MTX has been reported to cause chronic drug-induced liver injury, namely liver fibrosis. The hallmark of liver fibrosis is excessive scarring of liver tissue, triggered by hepatocellular injury and subsequent activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). However, little is known about the precise mechanisms through which MTX causes hepatocellular damage and activates HSCs. Here, we investigated the mechanisms leading to hepatocyte injury in HepaRG and used immortalized stellate cells (hTERT-HSC) to elucidate the mechanisms leading to HSC activation by exposing mono- and co-cultures of HepaRG and hTERT-HSC to MTX. The results showed that at least two mechanisms are involved in MTX-induced toxicity in HepaRG: (i) oxidative stress through depletion of glutathione (GSH) and (ii) impairment of cellular respiration in a GSH-independent manner. Furthermore, we measured increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in activated HSC following MTX treatment. In conclusion, we established a human-relevant in vitro model to gain mechanistical insights into MTX-induced hepatotoxicity, linked oxidative stress in HepaRG to a GSH-dependent and -independent pathway, and hypothesize that not only oxidative stress in hepatocytes but also ER stress in HSCs contribute to MTX-induced activation of HSCs.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationHow to Foster ‘New Approach Methodology’ Toxicologists(SAGE, 18.02.2022) Doktorova, Tatyana Y.; Azzi, Pamela; Hofer, Joelle; Werner, Sophie; Singh, Pranika; Hardy, Barry; Chesne, Christophe; Messner, Catherine; Gaiser, Carine; Suter-Dick, Laura [in: Alternatives to Laboratory Animals]The need to reduce, refine and replace animal experimentation has led to a boom in the establishment of new approach methodologies (NAMs). This promising trend brings the hope that the replacement of animals by using NAMs will become increasingly accepted by regulators, included in legislation, and consequently more-often implemented by industry. The majority of NAMs, however, are still not very well understood, either due to the complexity of the applied approach or the data analysis workflow. A potential solution to this problem is the provision of better educational resources to scientists new to the area — showcasing the added value of NAMs and outlining various ways of overcoming issues associated with knowledge gaps. In this paper, the educational exchange between four institutions — namely, two universities and two SMEs — via a series of video training sessions, is described. The goal of this exchange was to showcase an exemplary event to help introduce scientists to non-animal approaches, and to actively support the development of resources enabling the use of alternatives to laboratory animals.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationIdentification of miR-199a-5p, miR-214-3p and miR-99b-5p as fibrosis-specific extracellular biomarkers and promoters of HSC activation(MDPI, 2021) Suter-Dick, Laura; Messner, Catherine; Özkul, Dilek; Gaiser, Carine; Schmidt, Saskia; Terraciano, Luigi; Krähenbühl, Stephan [in: International Journal of Molecular Sciences]Liver fibrosis is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) resulting in the formation of fibrous scars. In the clinic, liver biopsies are the standard diagnostic method despite the potential for clinical complications. miRNAs are single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that can be detected in tissues, body fluids and cultured cells. The regulation of many miRNAs has been linked to tissue damage, including liver fibrosis in patients, resulting in aberrant miRNA expression/release. Experimental evidence also suggests that miRNAs are regulated in a similar manner in vitro and could thus serve as translational in vitro–in vivo biomarkers. In this work, we set out to identify and characterize biomarkers for liver fibrosis that could be used in vitro and clinically for research and diagnostic purposes. We focused on miRNAs released from hepatic 3D cultures exposed to methotrexate (MTX), which causes fibrosis, and acetaminophen (APAP), an acute hepatotoxicant with no clinically relevant association to liver fibrosis. Using a 3D in vitro model, we corroborated compound-specific responses as we show MTX induced a fibrotic response, and APAP did not. Performing miRNA-seq of cell culture supernatants, we identified potential miRNA biomarkers (miR-199a-5p, miR-214-3p, niRNA-125a-5p and miR-99b-5p) that were associated with a fibrotic phenotype and not with hepatocellular damage alone. Moreover, transfection of HSC with miR-199a-5p led to decreased expression of caveolin-1 and increased α-SMA expression, suggesting its role in HSC activation. In conclusion, we propose that extracellular miR-214-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-125a-5p and specifically miR-199a-5p could contribute towards a panel of miRNAs for identifying liver fibrosis and that miR-199a-5p, miR-214-3p and miR-99b-5p are promoters of HSC activation.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
- PublikationExosomal microRNAs Release as a Sensitive Marker for Drug-Induced Liver Injury In Vitro(Mary Ann Liebert, 16.09.2020) Messner, Catherine; Premand, Carine; Gaiser, Carine; Kluser, Tanja; Kübler, Eric; Suter-Dick, Laura [in: Applied In Vitro Toxicology]01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift