Hinkelmann, Knut
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Combining machine learning with knowledge engineering to detect fake news in social networks - A survey
Due to extensive spread of fake news on social and news media it became an emerging research topic now a days that gained attention. In the news media and social media the information is spread highspeed but without accuracy and hence detection mechanism should be able to predict news fast enough to tackle the dissemination of fake news. It has the potential for negative impacts on individuals and society. Therefore, detecting fake news on social media is important and also a technically challenging problem these days. We knew that Machine learning is helpful for building Artificial intelligence systems based on tacit knowledge because it can help us to solve complex problems due to real word data. On the other side we knew that Knowledge engineering is helpful for representing experts knowledge which people aware of that knowledge. Due to this we proposed that integration of Machine learning and knowledge engineering can be helpful in detection of fake news. In this paper we present what is fake news, importance of fake news, overall impact of fake news on different areas, different ways to detect fake news on social media, existing detections algorithms that can help us to overcome the issue, similar application areas and at the end we proposed combination of data driven and engineered knowledge to combat fake news. We studied and compared three different modules text classifiers, stance detection applications and fact checking existing techniques that can help to detect fake news. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of fake news on society. Experimental evaluation of publically available datasets and our proposed fake news detection combination can serve better in detection of fake news.
Fact checking: detection of check worthy statements through support vector machine and feed forward neural network
Detection of check-worthy statements is a subtask in the fact-checking process, automation of which would decrease the time and burden required to fact-check a statement. This paper proposes an approach focused on the classification of statements into check-worthy and not check-worthy. For the current paper, a dataset is constructed by consulting different fact-checking organizations. It contains debates and speeches in the domain of politics. Thus, even the ability of check worthy approach is evaluated on this domain. It starts with extracting sentence-level and context features from the sentences, and classifying them based on these features. The feature set and context were chosen after several experiments, based on how well they differentiate check-worthy statements. The findings indicated that the context in the approach gives considerable contribution in the classification, while also using more general features to capture information from the sentences. The results were analyzed by examining all features used, assessing their contribution in classification, and how well the approach performs in speeches and debates separately to detect the check worthy statements to reduce the time and burden of fact checking process.
Development of fake news model using machine learning through natural language processing
Fake news detection research is still in the early stage as this is a relatively new phenomenon in the interest raised by society. Machine learning helps to solve complex problems and to build AI systems nowadays and especially in those cases where we have tacit knowledge or the knowledge that is not known. We used machine learning algorithms and for identification of fake news; we applied three classifiers; Passive Aggressive, Naïve Bayes, and Support Vector Machine. Simple classification is not completely correct in fake news detection because classification methods are not specialized for fake news. With the integration of machine learning and text-based processing, we can detect fake news and build classifiers that can classify the news data. Text classification mainly focuses on extracting various features of text and after that incorporating those features into classification. The big challenge in this area is the lack of an efficient way to differentiate between fake and non-fake due to the unavailability of corpora. We applied three different machine learning classifiers on two publicly available datasets. Experimental analysis based on the existing dataset indicates a very encouraging and improved performance.