Rapid sequestration of perovskite solar cell-derived lead in soil
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08.2022
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01A - Journal article
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Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Volume
436
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Elsevier
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Abstract
Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells rely on the use of Pb species potentially challenging the technologies’ commercialisation. In this study, the fate of Pb derived from two common perovskite precursors is compared to cationic lead in soil-water microcosm experiments under various biogeochemical conditions. The rapid and efficient removal of Pb from the aqueous phase is demonstrated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Sequential soil extraction results reveal that a substantial amount of Pb is associated with immobile fractions, whereas a minor proportion of Pb may become available again in the long term, when oxygen is depleted (e.g. during water logging). X-ray absorption spectroscopy results reveal that the sorption of Pb on mineral phases represents the most likely sequestration mechanism. The obtained results suggest that the availability of leached Pb from perovskite solar cells is naturally limited in soils and that its adverse effects on soil biota are possibly negligible in oxic soils. All three Pb sources used behaved very similar in the experiments, wherefore we conclude that perovskite derived Pb will have a similar fate compared to cationic Pb, so that established risk assessment considerations for Pb remain legitimate.
Keywords
Perovskite solar cells, Environmental impact, Sequential extraction, Environmental fate, XANES, Lead sequestration
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1873-3336
0304-3894
0304-3894
Language
English
Created during FHNW affiliation
Yes
Strategic action fields FHNW
Publication status
Published
Review
Peer review of the complete publication
Open access category
Hybrid
Citation
Schmidt, F., Ledermann, L., Schäffer, A., Snaith, H. J., & Lenz, M. (2022). Rapid sequestration of perovskite solar cell-derived lead in soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128995