Aerosol and NOx emission factors and submicron particle number size distributions in two road tunnels with different traffic regimes
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Authors
Imhof, David
Prévôt, André S.H.
Ordóñez, Carlos
Kurtenbach, Ralf
Wiesen, Peter
Rodler, Johannes
Sturm, Peter
McCrae, Ian
Ekström, M.
Author (Corporation)
Publication date
21.06.2006
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Type
01A - Journal article
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Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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DOI of the original publication
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Series
Series number
Volume
6
Issue / Number
8
Pages / Duration
2215-2230
Patent number
Publisher / Publishing institution
Copernicus
Place of publication / Event location
Göttingen
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Abstract
Measurements of aerosol particle number size distributions (18–700 nm), mass concentrations (PM2.5 and PM10) and NOx were performed in the Plabutsch tunnel, Austria, and in the Kingsway tunnel, United Kingdom. These two tunnels show different characteristics regarding the roadway gradient, the composition of the vehicle fleet and the traffic frequency. The submicron particle size distributions contained a soot mode in the diameter range D=80–100 nm and a nucleation mode in the range of D=20–40 nm. In the Kingsway tunnel with a significantly lower particle number and volume concentration level than in the Plabutsch tunnel, a clear diurnal variation of nucleation and soot mode particles correlated to the traffic density was observed. In the Plabutsch tunnel, soot mode particles also revealed a diurnal variation, whereas no substantial variation was found for the nucleation mode particles. During the night a higher number concentration of nucleation mode particles were measured than soot mode particles and vice versa during the day. In this tunnel with very high soot emissions during daytime due to the heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) share of 18% and another 40% of diesel driven light-duty vehicles (LDV) semivolatile species condense on the pre-existing soot surface area rather than forming new particles by homogeneous nucleation. With the low concentration of soot mode particles in the Kingsway tunnel, also the nucleation mode particles exhibit a diurnal variation. From the measured parameters real-world traffic emission factors were estimated for the whole vehicle fleet as well as differentiated into the two categories LDV and HDV. In the particle size range D=18–700 nm, each vehicle of the mixed fleet emits (1.50±0.08)×10^14 particles km-1 (Plabutsch) and (1.26±0.10)×10^14 particles km-1 (Kingsway), while particle volume emission factors of 0.209±0.008 cm³ km-1 and 0.036±0.004 cm³ km-1, respectively, were obtained. PM1 emission factors of 104±4 mg km-1 (Plabutsch) and 41±4 mg km-1 (Kingsway) were calculated. Emission factors determined in this work were in good agreement with results from other studies.
Keywords
Subject (DDC)
380 - Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr
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ISBN
ISSN
1680-7324
1680-7316
1680-7316
Language
English
Created during FHNW affiliation
No
Strategic action fields FHNW
Publication status
Published
Review
Peer review of the complete publication
Open access category
Gold
License
Citation
IMHOF, David, Ernest WEINGARTNER, André S.H. PRÉVÔT, Carlos ORDÓÑEZ, Ralf KURTENBACH, Peter WIESEN, Johannes RODLER, Peter STURM, Ian MCCRAE, M. EKSTRÖM und Urs BALTENSPERGER, 2006. Aerosol and NOx emission factors and submicron particle number size distributions in two road tunnels with different traffic regimes. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 21 Juni 2006. Bd. 6, Nr. 8, S. 2215–2230. DOI 10.5194/acp-6-2215-2006. Verfügbar unter: https://doi.org/10.26041/fhnw-9767