Investigating additive effects on α-glycine growth through the measurement of facet specific growth rates
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Publication date
13.02.2025
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01A - Journal article
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Crystal Growth & Design
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25
Issue / Number
5
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American Chemical Society
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Abstract
The presence of trace amounts of additives during crystal growth can have a significant impact on the physical properties of the crystallizing substrate (e.g., crystal morphology, purity, polymorphic phase, or growth kinetics). In this work, we report the growth of α-glycine crystals (α-gly) in the presence of a variety of diverse additives: two l-amino acids, two organic acids, α-iminodiacetic acid, and two chloride salts. Growth rate data from imaging, together with analytical techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence microscopy, are used to observe which facet growth is impacted by the additive and to what extent. Relating these findings to the α-gly crystal structure provides explanations for the observed effects. Specifically, the growth inhibition of the (02̅0) facet α-gly in the presence of l-tryptophan and l-methionine shows how the prochirality of glycine results in two symmetrically equivalent facets growing at different rates. In the presence of malonic acid and salicylic acid, growth of the {011} facets is inhibited as a result of the interaction of deprotonated acids at the {011} surfaces. We find α-iminodiacetic acid to be an extremely effective inhibitor of α-gly, stopping the growth of both the {011} and {020} facets. We correlate the effectiveness of α-iminodiacetic acid to its structural similarity to gly, allowing it to easily block the growth of two α-gly facets. Finally, we observe the incorporation of the metal ions Fe(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) into the {011} facets of α-gly. Interestingly, in the cases of Cu(II) and Zn(II), the incorporation of the metals into the α-gly lattice does not cause a noticeable change in the growth rates. The formation of coordination complexes containing the metal ions and glycine ligands allows for the observed incorporation of the metals into the α-gly lattice with limited disturbance to its crystal growth.
Keywords
Additives, Crystallization, Crystals, Metals, Morphology
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1528-7483
1528-7505
1528-7505
Language
English
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No
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Published
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Hybrid
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Citation
Offiler, C., Davey, R. J., Cruz-Cabeza, A. J., & Vetter, T. (2025). Investigating additive effects on α-glycine growth through the measurement of facet specific growth rates. Crystal Growth & Design, 25(5). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00028