(Near) real-time snow water equivalent observation using GNSS refractometry and RTKLIB

dc.contributor.authorSteiner, Ladina
dc.contributor.authorStudemann, Géraldine Laurence
dc.contributor.authorGrimm, David
dc.contributor.authorMarty, Christoph
dc.contributor.authorLeinss, Silvan
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-16T09:20:11Z
dc.date.available2024-08-16T09:20:11Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractGlobal navigation satellite system (GNSS) refractometry enables automated and continuous in situ snow water equivalent (SWE) observations. Such accurate and reliable in situ data are needed for calibration and validation of remote sensing data and could enhance snow hydrological monitoring and modeling. In contrast to previous studies which relied on post-processing with the highly sophisticated Bernese GNSS processing software, the feasibility of in situ SWE determination in post-processing and (near) real time using the open-source GNSS processing software RTKLIB and GNSS refractometry based on the biased coordinate Up component is investigated here. Available GNSS observations from a fixed, high-end GNSS refractometry snow monitoring setup in the Swiss Alps are reprocessed for the season 2016/17 to investigate the applicability of RTKLIB in post-processing. A fixed, low-cost setup provides continuous SWE estimates in near real time at a low cost for the complete 2021/22 season. Additionally, a mobile, (near) real-time and low-cost setup was designed and evaluated in March 2020. The fixed and mobile multi-frequency GNSS setups demonstrate the feasibility of (near) real-time SWE estimation using GNSS refractometry. Compared to state-of-the-art manual SWE observations, a mean relative bias below 5% is achieved for (near) real-time and post-processed SWE estimation using RTKLIB
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/s22186918
dc.identifier.issn1424-8220
dc.identifier.urihttps://irf.fhnw.ch/handle/11654/46364
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.26041/fhnw-9468
dc.issue18
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.ispartofSensors
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectGlobal navigation satellite systems
dc.subjectGNSS
dc.subjectRefractometry
dc.subjectSnow water equivalent
dc.subjectSWE
dc.subjectReal time
dc.subjectRTK
dc.subjectRTKLIB
dc.subjectEmlid
dc.subject.ddc600 - Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften
dc.title(Near) real-time snow water equivalent observation using GNSS refractometry and RTKLIB
dc.type01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
dc.volume22
dspace.entity.typePublication
fhnw.InventedHereYes
fhnw.ReviewTypeAnonymous ex ante peer review of a complete publication
fhnw.affiliation.hochschuleHochschule für Architektur, Bau und Geomatikde_CH
fhnw.affiliation.institutInstitut Geomatikde_CH
fhnw.openAccessCategoryGold
fhnw.publicationStatePublished
relation.isAuthorOfPublication595ee14a-c7e9-422b-a037-a52e1ec6d150
relation.isAuthorOfPublication62bd621c-55e8-4fcb-b766-6da90ada79fd
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery595ee14a-c7e9-422b-a037-a52e1ec6d150
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