Beyond measuring resource-flow - a holistic approach for a framework to assess circularity in the built environment through all life cycle stages

Abstract

The transition to a circular economy in the built environment demands more than recycling materials – it requires a rethinking of how buildings are planned, used, and valued. This paper presents a conceptual framework for a circularity index that integrates strategic planning, resource flows, and systemic impacts across environmental, social, and economic dimensions. Developed through literature review and stakeholder analysis in Switzerland, the conceptual framework includes six indicators: strategy and goals, resource flows, information transmission, and social, ecological, and economic impact and value. It provides a comprehensive yet flexible foundation for assessing circularity in construction projects. While the framework currently lacks an operational measurement system, it sets the groundwork for future development of a practical tool. This work contributes to efforts in making circularity measurable and actionable across the built environment.