Measurement of Sub-23 nm particles emitted by gasoline direct injection engine with new advanced instrumentation

The research on health effects of soot particles has demonstrated their toxic impact on humans, especially for the smallest ones that can pass through the lungs into the bloodstream and be transferred to other parts of the body. Since the Euro 5b regulation, the total particle number (PN) at the exhaust is limited, but the associated protocol developed by the Particle Measurement Program (PMP) group defined a counting efficiency at the 23 nm cut-off particle diameter to avoid measurement artefacts [1][2]. Recent studies have demonstrated that the last generation Euro 6 engines can emit as many particles in the range 10-23 nm as beyond 23 nm [3]. The SUREAL-23 project (Understanding, Measuring and Regulating Sub-23 nm Particle Emissions from Direct Injection Engines Including Real Driving Conditions), funded by Horizon 2020 EU-program, aims to develop sampling, conditioning and measuring instruments and associated methodologies to extend the existing protocol down to at least 10 nm. This measurement setup was evaluated on various light duty direct injection platforms. This communication focuses on a gasoline-DI vehicle with a Euro 6b engine. Tests were conducted on multiple operating conditions (moderate and aggressive driving cycles, hot and cold starts, and several fuel and lubricant formulations). Sampling and conditioning were done with a two-stage dilution system, with a built-in catalytic stripper. The prototype instruments have been compared to commercial reference soot particle analyzers (TSI CPC, Horiba MEXA-2000 SPCS and Cambustion DMS500). A good consistency between all the measurements was demonstrated, with a satisfactory repeatability and robustness of the proposed measurement setup and of the associated methodology. An on-board version of the proposed setup is currently being developed to allow PN measurement in Real Driving Emissions (RDE) conditions.

Keywords

Subject (DDC)

620 - Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
540 - Chemie
610 - Medizin und Gesundheit

Project

Event

2019 JSAE/SAE Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants

Exhibition start date

Exhibition end date

Conference start date

26.08.2019

Conference end date

29.08.2019

Date of the last check

ISBN

ISSN

0148-7191

Language

English

Created during FHNW affiliation

Yes

Strategic action fields FHNW

Publication status

Published

Review

Peer review of the abstract

Open access category

Closed

License

Citation

Zinola, S., Leblanc, M., Rouleau, L., Dunand, X., Baltzopoulou, P., Chasapidis, L., Deloglou, D., Melas, A. D., Konstandopoulos, A. G., Rüggeberg, T., Fierz, M., Burtscher, H., Tejero, A., Amo, M., & Zamora, D. (2019, December 19). Measurement of Sub-23 nm particles emitted by gasoline direct injection engine with new advanced instrumentation. SAE Technical Paper Series. 2019 JSAE/SAE Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants. https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-2195

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