Maize (Zea mays L.) plants change their fate and accumulate non-extractable residues of sulfamethoxazole in the soil of arable land

The fate of sulfonamide antibiotics in farmlands is crucial for food and ecological safety, yet it remains unclear. We used [phenyl-U-14C]-labeled sulfamethoxazole (14C-SMX) to quantitatively investigate the fate of SMX in a soil–maize system for 60 days, based on a six-pool fate model. Formation of nonextractable residues (NERs) was the predominant fate for SMX in unplanted soil, accompanied by minor mineralization. Notably, maize plants significantly increased SMX dissipation (kinetic constant kd = 0.30 day–1 vs 0.17 day–1), while substantially reducing the NER formation (92% vs 58% of initially applied SMX) and accumulating SMX (40%, mostly bound to roots). Significant NERs (maximal 29–42%) were formed via physicochemical entrapment (determined using silylation), which could partially be released and taken up by maize plants. The NERs consisted of a considerable amount of SMX formed via entrapment (1–8%) and alkali-hydrolyzable covalent bonds (2–12%, possibly amide linkage). Six and 10 transformation products were quantified in soil extracts and NERs, respectively, including products of hydroxyl substitution, deamination, and N-acylation, among which N-lactylated SMX was found for the first time. Our findings reveal the composition and instability of SMX-derived NERs in the soil–plant system and underscore the need to study the long-term impacts of reversible NERs.

Schlagwörter

Fachgebiet (DDC)

600 - Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften

Projekt

Veranstaltung

Startdatum der Ausstellung

Enddatum der Ausstellung

Startdatum der Konferenz

Enddatum der Konferenz

Datum der letzten Prüfung

ISBN

ISSN

0013-936X
1520-5851

Sprache

Englisch

Während FHNW Zugehörigkeit erstellt

Ja

Zukunftsfelder FHNW

Publikationsstatus

Veröffentlicht

Begutachtung

Peer-Review der ganzen Publikation

Open Access-Status

Closed

Lizenz

Zitation

Wu, X., Sun, F., Cao, S., Wang, Q., Wang, L., Wang, S., He, Y., Kolvenbach, B., Corvini, P., & Ji, R. (2024). Maize (Zea mays L.) plants change their fate and accumulate non-extractable residues of sulfamethoxazole in the soil of arable land. Environmental Science & Technology, 58(21), 9292–9302. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c08954

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