Occurrence and ecotoxicological effects of free, conjugated, and halogenated steroids including 17a-hydroxypregnanolone and pregnanediol in Swiss watewater and surface water

dc.accessRightsAnonymous
dc.audienceScience
dc.contributor.authorFent, Karl
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Kun
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Yanbin
dc.date.accessioned2018-01-10T09:34:20Z
dc.date.available2018-01-10T09:34:20Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractApart from estrogens, the occurrence and ecotoxicity of steroids in aquatic environments is poorly known. Here, we analyzed 33 steroids, including estrogens, androgens, progestins, and glucocorticoids, in hospital wastewaters, river water, and municipal wastewater treatment plant (WTP) influents and effluents at different sites in Switzerland. In addition, wastewater from different treatment steps of two WTPs with advanced treatment, such as ozonation or pulverized activated carbon, were analyzed to study the steroid’s behavior during treatment. Considerable levels of different steroids occurred in hospital and raw municipal wastewater, but they were low (lower than 1 ng/L) or below the detection level in effluents of WTPs and river water. In WTP influents, estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, and estriol), androgens (androstenedione, androsterone, trans-androsterone, and testosterone), progestins and metabolites (progesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, mifepristone, pregnanediol, 17α-hydroxypregnanolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and 21α-hydroxyprogesterone) were detected and removed effectively during biological treatment. Ozonation further removed the steroids. Exposure of zebrafish embryos demonstrated negligible effects of pregnanediol and 17α-hydroxypregnanolone, while mixtures that mimic wastewater and river water composition affected embryo development and led to the alteration of steroidogenesis gene transcripts at nanogram per liter concentrations. Although steroid concentrations are low in Swiss rivers, the possibility of additive effects may be of concern.
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acs.est.7b01231
dc.identifier.issn1520-5851
dc.identifier.issn0013-936X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11654/25801
dc.issue11
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Societyen_US
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Science & Technologyen_US
dc.titleOccurrence and ecotoxicological effects of free, conjugated, and halogenated steroids including 17a-hydroxypregnanolone and pregnanediol in Swiss watewater and surface water
dc.type01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
dc.volume51
dspace.entity.typePublication
fhnw.InventedHereYes
fhnw.IsStudentsWorkno
fhnw.PublishedSwitzerlandYes
fhnw.ReviewTypeAnonymous ex ante peer review of a complete publication
fhnw.affiliation.hochschuleHochschule für Life Sciencesde_CH
fhnw.affiliation.institutInstitut für Ecopreneurshipde_CH
fhnw.pagination6498–6506
fhnw.publicationOnlineJa
fhnw.publicationStatePublished
relation.isAuthorOfPublication7e666602-999d-4a64-8e69-cffb29e30b4b
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery7e666602-999d-4a64-8e69-cffb29e30b4b
Dateien