Perceived drivers and barriers in the governance of wastewater treatment and reuse in India. Insights from a two-round Delphi study
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Authors
Cuadrado Quesada, Gabriela
N, Anshuman
Bassi, Nitin
Dkhar, Nathaniel Bhakupar
Phukan, Mayuri
Kumar, Saurabh
Naga Babu, Andraju
Kierstein, Anjin
Campling, Paul
Author (Corporation)
Publication date
07/2022
Typ of student thesis
Course of study
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Type
01A - Journal article
Editors
Editor (Corporation)
Supervisor
Parent work
Resources, Conservation and Recycling
Special issue
DOI of the original publication
Link
Series
Series number
Volume
182
Issue / Number
Pages / Duration
Patent number
Publisher / Publishing institution
Elsevier
Place of publication / Event location
Amsterdam
Edition
Version
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Practice partner / Client
Abstract
Wastewater treatment and reuse practices are limited in India despite the known benefits of preventing water resources pollution and contributing to sustainable production and consumption systems. We identify the perceived key drivers and barriers to wastewater treatment and reuse governance in a two-round Delphi study, including literature and case study analyses and consultation with 75 panelists. Panelists indicated that the most significant driver for wastewater treatment and water reuse is persistent water scarcity that necessitates diversification to alternative water supplies. In contrast, the most significant barriers are the lack of enforcement of pollution monitoring and control, the lack of an umbrella directive for integrated water resources management, and insufficient collaboration between responsible governmental organizations, central and state water authorities. Given the absence of central guidelines, only a few Indian states such as Maharashtra, Gujarat or Punjab have adopted effective governance structures. These states showcase that defined reuse standards can create successful wastewater treatment and reuse practices but require target-based regulations which are enforced and regularly monitored and financing mechanisms for their long-term operation. The new effluent discharge standards by the National Green Tribunal, the government support programmes, and increasing water scarcity in many parts of India will supposedly drive innovative wastewater treatment and reuse structures. Panelists agreed that efforts are needed to develop technology guiding frameworks following the fit-for-purpose principle and that strengthening institutional and monitoring capacity is crucial to increase confidence in the quality of recovered water resources, create demand, and ultimately safeguard human health and the environment.
Keywords
Water governance, India, Delphi study, Wastewater treatment, Water reuse
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ISBN
ISSN
0921-3449
1879-0658
1879-0658
Language
English
Created during FHNW affiliation
Yes
Strategic action fields FHNW
Publication status
Published
Review
Peer review of the complete publication
Open access category
Hybrid
License
Citation
Breitenmoser, L., Cuadrado Quesada, G., N, A., Bassi, N., Dkhar, N. B., Phukan, M., Kumar, S., Naga Babu, A., Kierstein, A., Campling, P., & Hooijmans, C. M. (2022). Perceived drivers and barriers in the governance of wastewater treatment and reuse in India. Insights from a two-round Delphi study. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106285