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Publikation Studying bicyclists’ perceived level of safety using a bicycle simulator combined with immersive virtual reality(Elsevier, 2021) Nazemi, Mohsen; van Eggermond, Michael; Erath, Alexander; Schaffner, Dorothea; Joos, Michael; Axhausen, Kay W.There is a need for methods that provide a better understanding of bicyclists’ perceived safety and preferences on currently unavailable and/or unknown bicycle facilities. Different survey methods have been used to study bicyclists’ behavior, experiences, and preferences; ranging from verbally described facilities to surveys including images and videos. Virtual Reality (VR) experiments blur the boundaries between stated preference (SP) surveys and revealed preference (RP) surveys and provide a realistic sense of design. This research introduces a novel research method in bicycling research and discusses the results of an experiment using a bicycle simulator combined with immersive VR. In total, 150 participants participated in this experiment and were asked about demographics and perceptions and preferences after bicycling in five different environments with an instrumented bicycle in VR. A 5 2 mixed design was used with bicycling environment as within-subject factor and pedestrian / traffic volume as between-subject factor. ANOVA tests revealed how each environment and ambient pedestrian / traffic volume affected perceived level of safety (PLOS) and willingness to bicycle (WTB). Pairwise comparison showed that participants felt safer bicycling on the segregated bicycle path compared to bicycling on the painted bicycle path on the road and roadside. There was no meaningful difference between WTB for less than 10 min and WTB for more than 10 min between bicycling on a painted bicycle path on the sidewalk and painted bicycle path on the road. PLOS and WTB ratings of men and women were not significantly different from each other. The older segment of the sample was more worried about roadside bicycling and bicycle commuters were more confident to ride on the roadside. Despite having several limitations, immersive 360-degree VR was found a powerful presentation tool to evaluate future street designs which can inform transport and urban planning.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Quantifying the effect of street design on driving speed on urban roads(Transportation Research Board, 01.01.2024) van Eggermond, Michael; Schaffner, Dorothea; Studer, Nora; Erath, AlexanderReducing driving speed is a key factor in improving road safety and combating noise emissions. For this reason, more and more cities across the world reduce speed limits urban in roads to 30 km/h (20 mph). According measures are implemented in major urban areas in Europe (e.g. Paris, Brussels) and the U.S. (e.g. New York City, Seattle). For the implementation of speed reductions main roads are of particular interest. Main roads in urban areas are different from residential roads in several ways, including, but not limited to the type of trips, vehicular mix and the presence of public transport, and are therefore limited in design options to reduce speeds. The study at hand reports on a virtual reality study conducted in Switzerland using a driving simulator. To assess whether road design influences driving speed, participants were asked to drive through a series of main roads in VR with varying speed limits and street designs. Speed and lateral position were recorded; in a follow-up survey, participants stated their preferred speed along the same segments and were asked about risk aversion. Results indicate that only certain designs result in slightly lower driving speeds, while controlling for self-reported risk aversion and driving style. Given the characteristics of main roads, measures reducing the (perceived) lane width are promising, but require further investigation.04B - Beitrag KonferenzschriftPublikation Evaluation and acceptance of an online cycling training for adults to master complex traffic situations(16.11.2023) van Eggermond, Michael; Studer, Nora; Johnson, Lucy; Knecht, Leah; Schaffner, Dorothea06 - PräsentationPublikation Sicher und kompetent unterwegs. Eine Analyse zu Velofahrkompetenzen und Unfallprävention(VSS, 2023) van Eggermond, Michael; Schaffner, Dorothea; Studer, NoraDie Förderung des Velofahrens ist zentral für ein nachhaltiges Mobilitätssystem. Dabei kommt der Verkehrssicherheit eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Die Sicherheit kann durch verschiedene Massnahmen erhöht werden: Unabdingbar ist die Verbesserung der Veloinfrastruktur. Für eine sichere Navigation im Mischverkehr in Städten kann zusätzlich die Förderung von Velofahrkompetenzen einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Vermeidung von Unfällen leisten. Auf Basis von vier Studien legt dieser Beitrag dar, welche Velofahrkompetenzen unfallvermeidend sind und bei welchen Velofahrkompetenzen sich bei der Schweizer Bevölkerung ein Entwicklungspotenzial zeigt sowie wie Velofahrkompetenzen mit einem digitalen Training gefördert werden können.01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder ZeitungPublikation Quantifying the effect of street design on driving speed on urban roads(05/2023) van Eggermond, Michael; Schaffner, Dorothea; Studer, Nora; Erath, AlexanderReducing driving speed is a key factor in improving road safety and combatting noise emissions. Over the last decades, many European cities and countries have reduced the speed limits of residential and neighborhood roads from 50 km/h (30 mph) to 30 km/h (20 mph) or even 20 km/h (12 mph). At the same time, there is a discussion to reduce speed limits on main roads in urban areas in several countries. Main roads in urban areas are different from residential roads in several ways, including, but not limited to the type of trips, vehicular mix and the presence of public transport, and are therefore limited in design options to reduce speeds. The study at hand reports on a virtual reality study conducted in Switzerland using a driving simulator. To assess whether road design influences driving speed, participants were asked to drive through a series of streets in VR with varying speed limits and street designs. Speed and lateral position were recorded; in a follow-up survey, participants stated their preferred speed along the same segments and were asked about risk aversion. Results indicate that only certain designs result in slightly lower driving speeds, while controlling for self-reported risk aversion and driving style. Given the characteristics of main roads, measures reducing the (perceived) lane width are promising, but require further investigation.04B - Beitrag KonferenzschriftPublikation Assessing cycling skills in Switzerland(11/2022) van Eggermond, Michael; Schaffner, Dorothea; Studer, NoraFor many people, safety concerns are a major barrier to ride a bicycle. Indeed, cyclists bear a higher risk than most other types of road users. Improving cycling infrastructure is the most obvious and effective way to increase cycling safety. This paper sets out to identify skills required by cyclists to navigate safely through an urban environment in Switzerland. We set out to identify situations that might result in accidents and require specific competences. This research has shown that there is potential to further develop cyclists’ skills. Rather than focusing on motoric skills or presenting simple situations, we advise that skills should be trained based on more complex situations. These situations include turning, branching, maintaining distance from parked cars and recognising right of way in residential areas.04B - Beitrag KonferenzschriftPublikation Quantifying the effect of street design on driving speed on urban roads(11.05.2023) van Eggermond, Michael; Schaffner, Dorothea; Studer, Nora; Erath, AlexanderReducing driving speed is a key factor in improving road safety and combatting noise emissions. Over the last decades, many European cities and countries have reduced the speed limits of residential and neighborhood roads from 50 km/h (30 mph) to 30 km/h (20 mph) or even 20 km/h (12 mph). At the same time, there is a discussion the reduction of the speed limit on main roads in urban areas in several countries. Main roads in urban areas are different from residential roads in several ways, including, but not limited to type of trips, type of vehicles and the presence of public transport, and are therefore limited in design options to reduce speeds. The study at hand reports on a virtual reality study conducted in Switzerland using a driving simulator. To assess whether road design influences driving speed, participants were asked to drive through a series of streets in VR with varying speed limits and street designs. Speed and lateral position were recorded; in a follow-up survey, participants stated their preferred speed along the same segments and were asked about risk aversion. Results indicate that only certain designs result in slightly lower driving speeds, while controlling for self-reported risk aversion and driving style. Given the characteristics of main roads, measures reducing the (perceived) lane width are promising, but require further investigation.06 - Präsentation