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Ergebnisse nach Hochschule und Institut
Publikation Simulation of policies for automated ride-hailing and ride-pooling services(ETH Zürich, 01.08.2025) Kagho, Grace; Balac, Milos; van Eggermond, Michael; Erath, AlexanderAutomated vehicles are becoming more prevalent, and the disruption they would cause in combination with ride-hailing and ride-pooling services could be tremendous. Therefore, this study investigates the impacts of ride-hailing and ride-pooling automated fleets in two Swiss cities, Chur and Zurich, and potential policy measures to steer their operations towards more sustainable solutions. We employ the results of the stated preference survey and combine the estimated mode-choice and car ownership model results with the agent-based simulation, MATSim, to simulate the impacts of various scenarios. We find that automated ride-hailing (aRH) and automated ride-pooling (aRP) services do not seem to be competing for the same demand. In general, these services would lead to a reduction in total travel time but an increase in total vehicle distance, which is more substantial in transit-oriented Zurich than in car-oriented Chur. Furthermore, we found that even though the proposed policies increased vehicle occupancy, they did not manage to overcome the increase in VKT, signaling the need for more targeted policies and operational strategies. Finally, we provide recommendations for transport policy and future research based on our findings.05 - Forschungs- oder ArbeitsberichtPublikation How popular will ride hailing and ride pooling be with autonomous vehicles?(18.09.2024) van Eggermond, Michael; Erath, Alexander; Tanner, Reto06 - PräsentationPublikation Where to park your car at home?(18.07.2024) Erath, Alexander; van Eggermond, Michael; Tanner, RetoHow distric parking garages can complement existing parking options in dense urban neighborhoods06 - PräsentationPublikation Where to park your car at home? How distric parking garages can complement existing parking options in dense urban neighborhoods(18.07.2024) Erath, Alexander; van Eggermond, Michael; Tanner, Reto; Susilo, Yusak04B - Beitrag KonferenzschriftPublikation A virtual reality experiment to study pedestrian perception of future street scenarios(Nature, 2024) Argota Sánchez-Vaquerizo, Javier; Hausladen, Carina I.; Mahajan, Sachit; Matter, Marc; Siebenmann, Michael; van Eggermond, Michael; Helbing, DirkThe current allocation of street space is based on expected vehicular peak-hour flows. Flexible and adaptive use of this space can respond to changing needs. To evaluate the acceptability of flexible street layouts, several urban environments were designed and implemented in virtual reality. Participants explored these designs in immersive virtual reality in a mixed factorial experiment, in which we analysed self-reported, behavioural and physiological responses from participants. Distinct communication strategies were varied between subjects. Participants’ responses reveal a preference for familiar solutions. Unconventional street layouts are less preferred, perceived as unsafe and cause a measurably greater stress response. Furthermore, information provision focusing on comparisons lead participants to focus primarily on the drawbacks, instead of the advantages of novel scenarios. When being able to freely express thoughts and opinions, participants are focused more on the impact of space design on behaviour rather than the objective physical features themselves. Especially, this last finding suggests that it is vital to develop new street scenarios in an inclusive and democratic way: the success of innovating urban spaces depends on how well the vast diversity of citizens’ needs is considered and met.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Pedestrian and transit accessibility on a micro level. Results and challenges(University of Minnesota, 2016) van Eggermond, Michael; Erath, AlexanderIn thispaper, we connect two notions of accessibility that are more often than not considered separately: pedestrian accessibility and transit accessibility. We move away from the notion of zonal accessibility and measure fine-grained accessibility using door-to-door travel times. Two pedestrian networks are compared to a baseline scenario considering Euclidean distances for a large metropolitan area in which each individual building is considered as an activity opportunity. It is shown that pedestrian accessibility to jobs differs when pedestrian distances are approximated with different networks that are more representative of reality. Stop-to-stop public transport travel times are extracted from an agent-based simulation of public transport smart card data. The effect of less-than-optimal connections from transit to the pedestrian network, a local measurement, can be seen when calculating the accessibility to all destinations in the city. We suggest moving away from Euclidean-based distance analyses. Limitations can be found in the data available; the connection of buildings to the network becomes important, as does the inclusion of pedestrian crossings. For an inclusive accessibility measure, it will be necessary to calculate generalized costs for pedestrians and generate different pedestrian networks that reflect the limitations of different user groups.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation The role of location in residential location choice models. A review of literature(University of Minnesota, 2014) Schirmer, Patrick M.; van Eggermond, Michael; Axhausen, Kay W.Geospatial data available to researchers has increased tremendously over the last several decades, opening up opportunities to define residential location in multiple ways. This has led to a myriad of variables to define "location'' in residential location choice models. In this paper, we propose a common classification for location variables and categorize findings from a wide range of studies. We find similar preferences but different measurement methods and market segments for locations across different study regions. Recent studies consider the residential unit as choice alternative, making it possible to include a detailed description of the built environment. However, these studies are still limited in number and the inclusion of socioeconomic environment is more common. Transport land-use models can benefit from the inclusion of points of interest, such as schools, network distances, and the distance to previous locations. For the results of location choice models to be transferable to different disciplines, and avoid multi-collinearity, it is necessary to present different model specifications, including variables of interest in different disciplines.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Quantifying the effect of street design on driving speed on urban roads(Transportation Research Board, 01.01.2024) van Eggermond, Michael; Schaffner, Dorothea; Studer, Nora; Erath, AlexanderReducing driving speed is a key factor in improving road safety and combating noise emissions. For this reason, more and more cities across the world reduce speed limits urban in roads to 30 km/h (20 mph). According measures are implemented in major urban areas in Europe (e.g. Paris, Brussels) and the U.S. (e.g. New York City, Seattle). For the implementation of speed reductions main roads are of particular interest. Main roads in urban areas are different from residential roads in several ways, including, but not limited to the type of trips, vehicular mix and the presence of public transport, and are therefore limited in design options to reduce speeds. The study at hand reports on a virtual reality study conducted in Switzerland using a driving simulator. To assess whether road design influences driving speed, participants were asked to drive through a series of main roads in VR with varying speed limits and street designs. Speed and lateral position were recorded; in a follow-up survey, participants stated their preferred speed along the same segments and were asked about risk aversion. Results indicate that only certain designs result in slightly lower driving speeds, while controlling for self-reported risk aversion and driving style. Given the characteristics of main roads, measures reducing the (perceived) lane width are promising, but require further investigation.04B - Beitrag KonferenzschriftPublikation A Virtual reality experiment to study citizen perception of future street scenarios(SSRN, 31.03.2023) Sánchez-Vaquerizo, Javier Argota; Hausladen, Carina Ines; Mahajan, Sachit; Matter, Marc; Siebermann, Michael; van Eggermond, Michael; Helbing, DirkThe current allocation of street space is based on expected vehicular peak-hour flows. Flexible and adaptive use of this space can respond to changing needs. To evaluate the acceptance of flexible street layouts, several urban environments were designed and implemented in virtual reality. Participants explored these designs in immersive virtual reality in a 2x3 mixed factorial experiment, in which we analysed self-reported, behavioural and physiological responses from participants. Distinct communication strategies were varied between subjects. Participants' responses reveal a preference for familiar solutions. Unconventional street layouts are less preferred, perceived as unsafe and cause a measurably greater stress response. Furthermore, information provision focusing on comparisons led participants to focus primarily on the drawbacks, instead of the advantages, of novel scenarios. When being able to freely express thoughts and opinions, participants were focused more on the impact of the space on behaviour rather than the objective physical features themselves. Especially, this last finding suggests that it is vital to develop new street scenarios in an inclusive and democratic way: the success of innovating urban spaces depends on how well the vast diversity of citizens' needs is considered and met.05 - Forschungs- oder ArbeitsberichtPublikation Human navigation in a multilevel travelling salesperson problem(PsyArXiv, 22.01.2022) Mavros, Panagiotis; van Eggermond, Michael; Hölscher, ChristophFinding the optimal tour that visits a series of locations sequentially, such as going for errands, is an everyday task formally known as the travelling salesperson problem (TSP). In this article we focus on the understudied type of multilevel or M-TSP, which take place in a multilevel environment, like a building. In a TSP, the number of alternative tours the decision-maker needs to consider is given by the factorial of the locations to visit; hence a 3-target TSP has 6 alternatives and a 12- target TSP has 479 million. Considerable research has focused on combinatorial optimisation algorithms for TSPs, and in the cognitive sciences there has equally been a sustained interest on how various foraging species and humans achieve remarkably optimal performance. However, research has primarily studied planar environments, and it is unclear how people will combine horizontal and vertical spatial information to make navigational decisions in a multilevel TSP. In this study, we asked 41 participants to first learn the locations of 12 shops (targets) in a multilevel building, and then complete a structure mapping task and two open 8-target M-TSP tasks (more than 40.000 alternatives). Using bayesian methods for mixed effects modelling, we show that human performance in navigational M-TSPs is lower than this of Euclidean TSPs, and we differentiate between the choice of tour (visit sequence) and transitions (local wayfinding). Our results show an effect of horizontal versus vertical learning. We also found that performance in navigational TSP are a composite of global and local decision making, and the people adaptively employ a path-based, rather than euclidean, measure of distance when this is ecologically relevant. Overall we provide multiple sources of evidence for the horizontal bias theory both in mental representations and wayfinding behaviour. This study contributes to current knowledge of mental representations 3D space and is the first huto provide human data on an multilevel TSP. More generally, these findings have implications for our understanding of wayfinding and navigational behaviour in multilevel environments.05 - Forschungs- oder Arbeitsbericht