Institut Nachhaltigkeit und Energie am Bau

Dauerhafte URI für die Sammlunghttps://irf.fhnw.ch/handle/11654/10

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Institut: search.filters.institut.Institut Nachhaltigkeit und Energie am BauThema: search.filters.subject.grid interaction

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  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    Multi-agent based simulation of smart building cluster for electric grid stabilization
    (IOP Publishing, 21.11.2019) Hall, Monika; Geissler, Achim; Wache, Holger
    With the increasing number of photovoltaic systems and heat pumps in buildings existing substations of the electric grid could be overloaded. A multi-agent based simulation of a building cluster studies the impact of building flexibility in regard to the residual substation load. Each building announces its available flexibility, e.g. "heat pump can be switched off/on". A master coordinator evaluates all incoming offers and decides which offers are accepted. This reduces the residual load at the substation. This paper presents results from a study of the impact at the substation of a smart urban building cluster with different penetration scenarios of heat pumps, photovoltaic systems, batteries and electric vehicles. It is shown that a high penetration of heat pumps and photovoltaic systems violates the substation's limits for the studied building cluster. Batteries cannot reduce the peak utilization. The master coordinator's load shifting options are limited.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    The impact of different energy balancing methods on Net Zero Energy Buildings
    (03.10.2017) Hall, Monika; Geissler, Achim
    To date, the building energy balance is typically based on annual values. If the annual PV-yield equals the overall annual energy demand, the building is called a Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB). Of course, this balancing approach does not take into account that PV-yield and electricity energy demand do not necessarily occur at the same time. However, Swiss standards and the building label Minergie have begun to address this issue. The Swiss standard SIA 380:2015, and the Minergie recast 2017 include self-consumption/grid-interaction in the energy balance. Currently, for the energy balance PV-yield and electricity demand are usually weighted with the same primary energy factor. Minergie 2017 retains this, but SIA 380:2015 features different (asymmetrical) primary energy factors for import from and export to the grid. This necessarily has a large impact on the resulting energy balance. The primary energy factor for import from the grid depends on the chosen type of the power mix in the grid. If this factor is higher than the primary energy factor of the PV-system, a larger PV system than when using symmetrical factors is required in order to fulfil the NZEB balance. The impact of balancing method of SIA 380:2015 and Minergie-A on a Net Zero Energy Building are discussed. It is found that the newly introduced definitions for the building energy balance have a large impact on the grid interaction.
    04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift