Institut Nachhaltigkeit und Energie am Bau

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  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    Determine the heat demand of existing buildings with machine learning
    (IOP Publishing, 01.12.2023) Hofmann, Joachim Werner; Amoser, Christian; Geissler, Achim; Hall, Monika [in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series]
    The renovation rate of existing buildings plays a major role in the Swiss Energy Strategy 2050+. To increase this rate, there must be a simple and cost-effective method to determine the heat demand of existing buildings. In this paper, the generation of such a method, based on the Swiss cantonal building energy certificate (GEAK) database with the help of machine learning (ML), is studied. The aim of the project was to develop a ML model which allows the heat demand of existing buildings to be determined quickly with a minimal set of parameters. The comparison of the GEAK building envelope class for single family houses calculated with the new ML model and the original GEAK classes shows that approximately 62 % have the same class, 32 % differ by one class and 6 % by two classes. The ML model is a good starting point for further refinements and developments.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    Gravity ventilation for interior bathrooms
    (IOP Publishing, 01.12.2023) Hall, Monika; Gerber, Vincent; Geissler, Achim [in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series]
    Based on the extensive experience of a building cooperative with interior bathroom gravity (shaft) ventilation in existing apartment buildings, the replacement buildings constructed at the same location are also equipped with gravity ventilation. The aim of the project described here is to demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of gravity ventilation in one of the new replacement buildings by means of monitoring. Detailed monitoring over a complete year recorded the behaviour and effectiveness of the gravity ventilation in all seasons. In winter, gravity ventilation leads to higher air change rates in interior bathrooms than in summer. In general, humidity can be removed with gravity ventilation except in summer, when after a shower the bathroom door stays closed for 24 h. In summer when the indoor and ambient temperature is the same the gravity ventilation does not work. In this case, the interior bathroom should be ventilated by the main apartment ventilation, e.g., while the bathroom door and other room doors and windows are open at the same time. In summer, doors and windows are often open and the gravity ventilation summer problem can be viewed as negligible. Therefore, gravity ventilation is a good alternative to other ventilation systems in interior bathrooms.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    Hybrid ventilation in residential and office buildings
    (IOP Publishing, 2023) Hoffmann, Caroline; Hauri, Claudia; Primas, Alex; Dorer, Viktor; Huber, Heinrich [in: Journal of Physics. Conference Series]
    This project is focused on hybrid ventilation systems, a combination of natural and mechanical ventilation in residential and office buildings. Especially in dwellings hybrid ventilation systems are quite common. For instance, this can be the frequently occurring combination of exhaust fans in bathroom and toilet and / or a range hood in the kitchen with window ventilation in the other rooms. Currently, these systems are part of the planning reality, however, there are neither planning aids nor focused building standards available. A recently completed research project documents the state of the scientific knowledge, identifies most common planning challenges, and thus provides the basis for future planning aids for hybrid ventilation. This paper sets out to define the term "hybrid ventilation", presents the most common hybrid ventilation systems in Switzerland and gives planning guidelines for current components of hybrid ventilation systems.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    Comparison of flexibility factors for a residential building
    (IOP Publishing, 18.11.2021) Hall, Monika; Geissler, Achim [in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series]
    Buildings that are able to shift their loads without comfort restraints are important for the ongoing transformation of the power supply. This flexibility potential can be expressed in flexibility factors. The usefulness of four factors is investigated based on load control for the heat pump of a small apartment building according to electricity prices (high/low tariffs, spot market prices), CO2eq emissions share in the grid and a restricted operation period during daytime. The calculation methodology of the presented flexibility factors GSC, RIP, FF and FI is very different. RIP and FF are preferable because they have defined valid ranges which makes them easier to understand. Current electricity prices force the heat pump operation mainly into the night. The optimization of CO2eq emissions encourages operation mainly during the day. The optimization goals costs or CO2eq emissions thus lead to opposing heat pump operation times and can currently therefore not both be met simultaneously.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    Passive window ventilation openings in every-day use
    (Elsevier, 28.08.2021) Hoffmann, Caroline; Geissler, Achim; Hauri, Claudia; Huber, Heinrich [in: Building and Environment]
    The integration of passive window ventilation openings (PWVO, small air inlets integrated in the window frame) with additional exhaust fans in the kitchen and bathroom(s) can ensure a user-independent basic air change rate in dwellings. The project reported on herein is focused on how well buildings with PWVO work in real life.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift