Erath, Alexander

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Alexander
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Erath, Alexander

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2016 - 201922020 - 20226
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Enddatum: 2022 × Institut: Institut Bauingenieurwesen ×

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Gerade angezeigt 1 - 8 von 8
  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    Forecasting district-wide pedestrian volumes in multi-level networks in high-density mixed-use areas
    (Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL), 06/2022) Mavros, Panos; van Eggermond, Michael; Erath, Alexander; Helle, Veera; Acebillo, Pablo; Xu, Shuchen; van Nees, Akkelies; de Koning, Remco Elric; Jacobsen Åsli, Thale [in: 13th International Space Syntax Symposium]
    This paper is concerned with improvements in the forecasting of pedestrian flows in multilevel pedestrian networks in high-density urban environments. 3D network topology measures are combined with land-use data, and validated against extensive pedestrian counts, to provide both evidence for the applicability of network analysis in tropical metropolises, as well as a calibrated tool for urban planners. The research focuses on four area in Singapore. These areas have in common that they all are prominent transport hubs, but differ in surrounding land-use types and dominant network topology (e.g. indoor, outdoor, above ground, below ground, at grade). Multi-level pedestrian networks were drawn based on OpenStreetMap, include sidewalks on both sides of major roads for a radius up to 2 kilometres from the site centroids. Spatial network analysis was performed using sDNA which allows vertical networks to generate measures describing the spatial configuration of the network. Subsequently, pedestrian counts were conducted during three consecutive days. In total, counts were conducted at more than 250 locations in 2018 and 2019, well before the global COVID19 pandemic. Pedestrian flows are set against a series of variables, including pedestrian attractors and generators (e.g. shops, offices, hotels, dwellings), and variables describing the spatial configuration of the network, using advanced regression models. Our results show that betweenness metrics (i.e. space syntax choice) combined with land-use yield high predictive power. Dependent on the study site, network metrics based on angular distance outperform those based on metric distance or perceived link distance. This research demonstrates that is necessary to account for the multi-level nature of networks, and that indoor flows through private developments cannot be neglected, in particular when planning for integrated transport developments. The paper concludes with recommendations and implications for practice.
    04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    Aktivitätenbasierte Verkehrsmodelle: Methoden, Anwendungen, Vor- und Nachteile
    (Schweizerischer Verband der Strassen- und Verkehrsfachleute, 2022) Erath, Alexander; Vitins, Basil; Fellendorf, Martin; Arendt, Michael [in: Strasse und Verkehr]
    Aktivitätenbasierte Verkehrsmodelle (ABM) sind ein vielversprechender Ansatz der Verkehrsmodellierung. Gegenüber den in der Praxis mehrheitlich eingesetzten aggregierten Modellansätzen bieten ABM verschiedene Vorteile. ABM erlauben vielseitigere Auswertungsmöglichkeiten und flexiblere, methodisch konsistentere Abbildungen von intermodalen Wegeketten – zum Beispiel für ÖV- oder Langsamverkehrsstudien – und zeitlich dynamischen Massnahmen, zum Beispiel Mobility Pricing. Gleichzeitig sind ABM in der Praxis bisher noch weniger etabliert und stellen höhere Anforderungen bei der Modellierung. Im Rahmen eines SVI-Forschungsprojekts wurden Voraussetzungen sowie Vor- und Nachteile des Einsatzes von ABM untersucht, um Modellbetreibern eine Entscheidungshilfe zu bieten.
    01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder Zeitung
  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    Aktivitätenbasierte Verkehrsmodelle
    (Bundesamt für Strassen, 12.12.2021) Vitins, Basil; Erath, Alexander; Fellendorf, Martin; Arendt, Michael
    05 - Forschungs- oder Arbeitsbericht
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Publikation
    Studying bicyclists’ perceived level of safety using a bicycle simulator combined with immersive virtual reality
    (Elsevier, 2021) Nazemi, Mohsen; van Eggermond, Michael; Erath, Alexander; Schaffner, Dorothea; Joos, Michael; Axhausen, Kay W. [in: Accident Analysis & Prevention]
    There is a need for methods that provide a better understanding of bicyclists’ perceived safety and preferences on currently unavailable and/or unknown bicycle facilities. Different survey methods have been used to study bicyclists’ behavior, experiences, and preferences; ranging from verbally described facilities to surveys including images and videos. Virtual Reality (VR) experiments blur the boundaries between stated preference (SP) surveys and revealed preference (RP) surveys and provide a realistic sense of design. This research introduces a novel research method in bicycling research and discusses the results of an experiment using a bicycle simulator combined with immersive VR. In total, 150 participants participated in this experiment and were asked about demographics and perceptions and preferences after bicycling in five different environments with an instrumented bicycle in VR. A 5 2 mixed design was used with bicycling environment as within-subject factor and pedestrian / traffic volume as between-subject factor. ANOVA tests revealed how each environment and ambient pedestrian / traffic volume affected perceived level of safety (PLOS) and willingness to bicycle (WTB). Pairwise comparison showed that participants felt safer bicycling on the segregated bicycle path compared to bicycling on the painted bicycle path on the road and roadside. There was no meaningful difference between WTB for less than 10 min and WTB for more than 10 min between bicycling on a painted bicycle path on the sidewalk and painted bicycle path on the road. PLOS and WTB ratings of men and women were not significantly different from each other. The older segment of the sample was more worried about roadside bicycling and bicycle commuters were more confident to ride on the roadside. Despite having several limitations, immersive 360-degree VR was found a powerful presentation tool to evaluate future street designs which can inform transport and urban planning.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    Using backcasting to support corporate mobility management
    (2021) van Eggermond, Michael; Erath, Alexander
    The paper at hand describes a research project conducted in collaboration with a major employer based in Basel, Switzerland. The company employs innovative mobility policies, such as a strict parking regime, with lots only available to employees who have to travel more than 45 minutes by public transport, offers bike sharing and public transport bonuses, but would like to further reduce parking lots and desires to reduce greenhouse emissions resulting from commuting while remaining an attractive employer. The aim of the project was the to better understand the impact of exogenous developments (e.g. new train lines, road pricing, infrastructure improvements, safer cycling routes) and endogenous mobility policies (e.g. bike sharing, parking fees, charging stations). These developments and policies were identified in a series of workshops with stakeholders. At the same, key performance indicators were formulated. Instead of forecasting the impact of these policy measures, the project set out to describe a desirable future (e.g., less emissions, attractive employer), reason backwards from the desired situation and formulate a package of policy measures that could in this future, whilst taking into account exogenous developments. This process is also known as backcasting and has been applied in several studies (e.g. Banister et al., 2000; Barandier 2015) To quantify the impact of the policy measures several data sets were available and newly collected. Travel times and distances for motorized private transport, walking and cycling were calculated using the Google travel time API for all employees. As Google’s API only offers limited coverage for public transport in Germany and France, use was made of publicly available public transport schedules and the open-source routing engine R5. A survey was conducted among employees, resulting in over 6000 responses. Based on the survey data, choice models were estimated and applied. Exogenous and endogenous developments for over 10 policy measures were quantified using simplified assumptions, whilst taking into account the spatial differences, and used to forecast the impact of each individual measure and combinations of measures. Measures include the impact of e-bike provision, the impact of improved cycling infrastructure, new train stations and the differentiated parking fees. The project resulted in a set of mobility policies and recommendations to monitor these mobility policies, and the methodology has been applied at other stakeholders to support sustainable mobility policies.
    06 - Präsentation
  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    Calibration of a regional agent-based travel demand model to simulate the spread of COVID-19
    (2021) Mesaric, Raphael; Erath, Alexander
    The recent COVID-19 pandemic has shown the need of readily available tools to simulate the spreading of infectious diseases and assess the potential impact of policy measures aimed at the containment of the disease. The most common approach in epidemiology is to use compartmental models which model disease spreading as a series of stocks (compartments) and flows. The most basic version considers three compartments: susceptible, infectious and recovered. One of the core assumptions of these models, however, is a homogeneous population which is a serious limitation when it comes to clustered outbreaks. The research at hand uses an agent-based travel demand model (MATSim) coupled with a recently developed extension (EpiSim) to simulate the spread of the pandemic by tracking the interactions of agents und subsequently identifying infections by following their contact network. This overcomes the compartmental assumption of the previous models. In this presentation, we summarize the calibration results of the EpiSim model which is based on the regional activity- and agent-based travel demand model of the trinational region around Basel. The calibration procedure is based on data on case numbers and hospitalisations from three countries (Switzerland, Germany and France) at different spatial resolution. The underlying models account for the effect of border closures and spatially varying restrictions to limit the spread of COVID-19. In contrast to existing studies, this model pays particular attention to disease import through external traffic from outside the model area as well as cross-border travel demand.
    06 - Präsentation
  • Vorschaubild nicht verfügbar
    Publikation
    Introducing the pedestrian accessibility tool. Walkability analysis for a geographic information system
    (SAGE, 2017) Erath, Alexander; van Eggermond, Michael; Ordóñez, Sergio A.; Axhausen, Kay W. [in: Transportation Research Record]
    The indexes for walkability proposed so far refer generally to the closest amenities and public transport stops and the existing network structure. The weights of the attributes do not reflect the independently measured preferences of the users and residents. Design attributes such as the location and type of crossings and walkway design features are usually surveyed in walkability audits. However, such attributes are usually not considered when pedestrian walksheds or other accessibility-based walkability indexes are calculated. Nevertheless, these design attributes are very relevant for actual planning decisions. The proposed walkability index can be behaviorally calibrated, has been implemented as a geographic information system tool, and is published as open source software. The pedestrian accessibility tool allows the evaluation of existing and future urban plans with regards to walkability. The tool calculates Hansen-based accessibility indicators with the use of a customizable specification of the generalized walking costs, and it incorporates user-defined weights of destination attractiveness. The basic user workflow of the tool is summarized. Three case studies show real-world applications of the tool to support the planning of pedestrian infrastructure in an urban context. With indications of potential areas of improvement that have been reported by pilot users working in an urban planning department, hints are also given for future research.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    Pedestrian and transit accessibility on a micro level. Results and challenges
    (University of Minnesota, 2016) van Eggermond, Michael; Erath, Alexander [in: Journal of Transport and Land Use]
    In thispaper, we connect two notions of accessibility that are more often than not considered separately: pedestrian accessibility and transit accessibility. We move away from the notion of zonal accessibility and measure fine-grained accessibility using door-to-door travel times. Two pedestrian networks are compared to a baseline scenario considering Euclidean distances for a large metropolitan area in which each individual building is considered as an activity opportunity. It is shown that pedestrian accessibility to jobs differs when pedestrian distances are approximated with different networks that are more representative of reality. Stop-to-stop public transport travel times are extracted from an agent-based simulation of public transport smart card data. The effect of less-than-optimal connections from transit to the pedestrian network, a local measurement, can be seen when calculating the accessibility to all destinations in the city. We suggest moving away from Euclidean-based distance analyses. Limitations can be found in the data available; the connection of buildings to the network becomes important, as does the inclusion of pedestrian crossings. For an inclusive accessibility measure, it will be necessary to calculate generalized costs for pedestrians and generate different pedestrian networks that reflect the limitations of different user groups.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift