Konrad, Jonas
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Emerging Patterns of Worker Identities in the Swiss Gig Economy
The gig economy is receiving more and more public attention. The current debate revolves around the inherent ambiguity of the legal status of so-called gig workers. Gig work can be conceptualized internally as a kind of hybrid work form containing rationales of control related to employment as well as the degrees of freedom and flexibility normally attributed to self-employment. Working in the economy is connected to a high degree of ambiguity regarding job security and financial stability, planning and coordination of workloads, as well as broader issues regarding life course planning and career path development. The internal ambiguity of gig work as a newly emerging work form has several implications for the construction of worker identities. Gig workers are required to evaluate the role of the emerging new work form regarding identity development in their actual life span and their career development. It is proposed, that the respective individual relevance of gig work for professional development as well as the integration in to private and work-related identities generates needs for identity adaptation. Therefore, the construction of new combinations of work related, but in a more general term also life course related identity patterns is expected. To get an exploratory insight into emerging identity patterns, the construction of gig worker identities was analyzed in a qualitativeexplorative study by interviewing 18 platform workers of the biggest gig work company in Switzerland. In the interviews narratives of gig worker biographies were evoked and social identity maps visualized. In two subsequent workshops with ten gig workers from the same company the identified patterns were communicatively validated. The results of the qualitative-explorative inquiry lead to the development of a typology of gig worker identity patterns. Identity patterns can be differentiated on the dimensions of integration of gig work in the actual life course, the relevance of gig work and other life and work domains, as well as the complexity of social identity patterns. Furthermore, the identified patterns are related to different styles of identity integration. More specifically, workers perceiving gig work as a transition in their vocational development can be distinguished from workers, who have developed a mid-term perspective in doing gig work. The development of a more stable perspective is related to hybrid combinations of central identity domains (work or private), compared to more complex patterns in transient forms of gig work episodes. The method of visualizing identity maps can be evaluated as useful for the identification of emerging identity patterns in hybrid work arrangements. So far, the study is limited to the workers of the gig work platform under study, but the applied method of identity mapping seems conducive to the investigation of emerging, identity patterns in other work contexts. A further validation of the developed identity patterns could be used to inform the current debate on the legal status of gig workers.
Studienergebnisse. HR-Kompetenzen für die Zukunft
Die Mitarbeitenden und Unternehmen auf die Arbeit von Morgen vorzubereiten ist eine der zentralen Aufgaben des HRM. Der gegenwärtige schnelle und ständige Wandel der Arbeitswelt verleiht dieser Aufgabe zusätzliche Dringlichkeit. Ein Wandel, der aufgrund der Digitalisierung, der demographischen Entwicklungen, der Globalisierung und auch des Strukturwandels hin zu einer Dienstleistungsgesellschaft zustande kommt (vgl. Zölch, Oertig, Calabró & Hunziker, 2016). Mit diesen Veränderungen sind neue Anforderungen an Mitarbeitende und Organisationen verbunden.
Welche Kompetenzen braucht das HR in Zukunft?
Der gegenwärtige Umbruch der Arbeitswelt verändert Arbeitsprofile und die damit verbundenen Kompetenzanforderungen an Mitarbeitende. Das hat auch Auswirkungen auf HR-Fachprofile. Doch welche Kompetenzen braucht ein zukunftsgerichtetes HR und wie sollen HR-Fachkräfte aus- und weitergebildet werden? Diese Fragen hat eine Studie der FHNW und HR Today in einer Gruppendiskussion mit HR-Leitenden und einer breiten Onlinebefragung untersucht. Erste Ergebnisse liegen nun vor
HR im digitalen Wandel. Veränderungen im Arbeitsalltag aus der Perspektive von HR-Fachleuten
Latent Profiles of Organizational, Occupational and Supervisor Commitment among Nurses and their Effects on Employee Well-being and Health
Purpose Demographic changes have led to a shortage of nurses in the healthcare sector. Nursing staff and patients are getting older and nursing cases are becoming increasingly complex. As a result, nurses’ workloads and stress levels have increased, and employee turnover has risen. Adopting a person-centered perspective, this study examines the effects of nurses’ commitment profiles on their physical and emotional well-beingand other work-related outcomes. The profiles will will be extracted based on nurses’ affective, rational, and normative commitment to their organization, occupation, and supervisor. Design and Methodology A survey was conducted among 1029 nurses from all public hospitals, nursing homes and outpatient care services from the Swiss Canton of Solothurn. A latent profile analysis using Mplus was performed to extract the commtiment profiles and examine their associations with the outcome variables. Results Four commitment profiles were found that differ both quantitatively (in terms of commitment levels) and qualitatively (in terms of shape). Results show, among others, that nurses with a high affective but low rational and normative commitment to all three foci (occupation, organization, supervisor) show higher levels of emotional strain than other profiles (e.g., low commitment levels) but also greater levels of work-life-balance and health. Limitations The cross-sectional nature of the survey precludes causal inferences. Because all data were self-reported, the associations found between profiles and outcomes may be inflated. Implications for research The person-centered approach allows an examination of complex interaction patterns among commitment foci and dimensions and their associations with work-related outcomes. A longitudinalstudy is in order to better understand causal directions and the development of complex commitment profiles over time. Practical implications The study results are relevant to practices in human resource management and retention in the healthcare sector. Because the commitment profiles refer to a broad, within-person observation of nurses, it is important to address the whole individual in interventions targeted at the improvement of unbeneficial commitment profiles. A strict focus on single commitment foci or dimensions may not be enough. Orginality, Value To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive exploration of complex commitment profiles and their association with employee health and well-being in the nursing profession.
Latent profiles of organizational and occupational commitment among nurses and their effects on employee well-being and health
Personas for a better understanding of emerging worker identities in the Swiss Gig Economy
The present applied research project studied gig workers of the biggest platform company in Switzerland (around 180’000 users inscribed). To assess worker personas data were analyzed from 18 indepth interviews including the inquiry of worker biographies, their work related social network structures. The results show that platform workers can be differentiated according to the continuity in the perception of the work form. Gig workers seeing the work form as a transition phase in their vocational development can be distinguished from workers who have developed a mid- till long- term perspective in doing gig work. The classification of personas can be interpreted as a model of individual career paths in a highly volatile, new job environment, where new worker identities emerge.
Einfluss von Zufriedenheitsgrößen auf das Commitment von Berufseinsteigenden mit Vertragsgebundenheit
Im Rahmen einer Befragung von 268 Berufseinsteigenden mit Vertragsgebundenheit zeigt sich, dass das affektive Commitment stärker als das normative Commitment auf die Wechselabsicht von Mitarbeitenden mit Vertragsgebundenheit wirkt. Von den untersuchten Zufriedenheitsgrössen erweisen sich im Rahmen einer Strukturgleichungsanalyse insbesondere die Zufriedenheit mit dem Arbeitsinhalt, mit der Kultur sowie mit den Lern- und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten als wichtige Einflussgrössen des affektiven Commitments. Die Implikationen für das Bindungsmanagement von Berufseinsteigenden mit Vertragsgebundenheit werden diskutiert.
Challenging the gendered segregation of work in the ICT sector by re-branding the occupation’s identity
The percentage of women in the ICT-sector is in Switzerland at 15% (Econlab, 2014), the same is true for many other European countries. The gendered segregation of work in the ICT sector seems to be even more worrisome, as within the area of digitalization, ICT will shape jobs and society even more in the future. In this light, it is even more important, that an equal participation in the light of un-doing gender should be strived for (Kelan, 2010). Already a lot of valuable initiatives and insightful research has been conducted to raise awareness and insight to gendered choices and preferences on subjects at school (Bieri Buschor, Berweger, Keck Frei, & Kappler, 2012; Nosek, Banaji, & Greenwald, 2002). Research shows that, next to the sensitive phase of primary and secondary school, the phase of selecting a course of study or a vocational training is very important (Liebig, Levy, Sauer, & Sousa-Poza, 2014).