Schwaninger, Adrian
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Adrian
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Schwaninger, Adrian
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- PublikationAutomation, human factors and technology(20.09.2019) Merks, Sarah; Hügli, David; Hättenschwiler, Nicole; Schwaninger, Adrian06 - Präsentation
- PublikationAirport security X-ray screening of hold baggage: 2D versus 3D imaging and evaluation of an on-screen alarm resolution protocol(11.09.2019) Isenschmid, Myrta; Hättenschwiler, Nicole; Merks, Sarah; Schwaninger, AdrianThe screening of hold baggage at airports is currently changing from 2D to 3D imaging. In this context, we compared visual inspection performance of screeners using 2D imaging versus 3D imaging versus 3D imaging following a specific on-screen alarm resolution protocol (OSARP). In a simulated hold baggage screening task, professional screeners had to decide whether X-ray images contained an improvised explosive device or not. Results showed that there was no difference in detection performance (d') between 2D and 3D imaging. Visual inspection with 3D imaging following an OSARP resulted in higher detection performance compared to 2D and 3D imaging, but also in a more neutral response bias and longer reaction times. In conclusion, screeners currently working with 2D technology do not need extensive and specific training to achieve comparable detection performance with 3D imaging. However, the application of an OSARP has the potential to further increase screeners’ detection performance.06 - Präsentation
- PublikationTraditional visual search versus X-ray image inspection in students and professionals: Are the same visual-cognitive abilities needed?(10.09.2019) Merks, Sarah; Hättenschwiler, Nicole; Sterchi, Yanik; Schwaninger, AdrianVisual search has been studied extensively over decades and has many real-world applications. Research shows that specific visual-cognitive abilities are needed to efficiently and effectively locate a target among distractors. It is, however, not clear whether the results from traditional, simplified visual search tasks conducted by students will extrapolate to an applied inspection task, i.e. X-ray image inspection in airport security. In this study, we tested whether the same visual-cognitive abilities can predict performance in both a traditional visual search task and an X-ray image inspection task in students and professionals. Results showed that even though both tasks require aspects of the same visual-cognitive abilities, the overlap between the tasks was small. Furthermore, although our tested populations were comparable in terms of required visual-cognitive abilities, professionals outperformed students in the X-ray image inspection task. This suggests that visual inspection is not solely predictable by visual-cognitive abilities.06 - Präsentation
- PublikationX-ray screening of hold baggage: Are the same visual-cognitive abilities needed for 2D and 3D imaging?(10.09.2019) Zeballos, Melina; Merks, Sarah; Hättenschwiler, Nicole; Schwaninger, AdrianWith the transition from 2D to 3D imaging technology for security screening of passenger bags, the question arises whether airport security screeners need the same visual-cognitive abilities to successfully inspecting these images. This study investigated the relationship between visual-cognitive abilities and the visual inspection performance of screeners. 42 screeners conducted a visual-cognitive test battery (VCTB) and a simulated hold baggage screening task using 2D or 3D imaging technology. The VCTB included test scales measuring abilities underlying visual processing, processing speed and fluid intelligence. Results showed that only few aspects of processing speed and visual processing correlated significantly with performance using 2D imaging. Performance of screeners that inspected 3D images showed even less significant correlations. These results indicate that with the expected change from 2D to 3D imaging, visual-cognitive requirements of airport security screeners might change. Further studies need to elucidate what visual-cognitive skills future 3D screeners need.06 - Präsentation
- PublikationDetection Measures for Visual Inspection of X-ray Images of Passenger Baggage(10.09.2019) Sterchi, Yanik; Hättenschwiler, Nicole; Schwaninger, AdrianResearchers often use the detection measures d' and A' to analyze detection performance in X-ray image inspection task. We investigated whether detection measures (d', A', and da) are truly independent of response tendency. In a first experiment, response tendency was manipulated directly through instruction and resulted in a decrease of d' and A', whereas da with a slope parameter of 0.6 remained constant. Eye-tracking data indicated that manipulating response tendency affected the decision component of the inspection task rather than search errors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves based on confidence ratings from a second experiment also supported da. Consistent with previous findings, our results imply that d' and A' are not always valid measures of detection performance in X-ray image inspection. We recommend calculating da with a slope parameter of 0.5 in addition to d' to avoid wrong conclusions if ROC curves are not available.06 - Präsentation
- PublikationKey results of studies on 2D vs 3D hold baggage screening(15.11.2018) Schwaninger, Adrian; Hättenschwiler, Nicole; Merks, Sarah06 - Präsentation
- PublikationOn screen alarm resolution with explosive detection systems for cabin baggage screening(15.10.2018) Schwaninger, Adrian; Hättenschwiler, Nicole; Sterchi, Yanik; Mendes, Marcia; Hügli, David; Merks, Sarah06 - Präsentation
- PublikationSocio-technical approach and explosive detection systems for cabin baggage screening(04.10.2018) Sterchi, Yanik; Hättenschwiler, Nicole; Mendes, Marcia; Hügli, David; Merks, Sarah; Schwaninger, Adrian06 - Präsentation
- PublikationTechnology, human factors, and a holistic approach to checkpoint screening. Part II: A holistic approach to checkpoint screening(07/2018) Schwaninger, Adrian; Merks, Sarah; Hättenschwiler, Nicole; Sterchi, Yanik; Mendes, Marcia; Hügli, David06 - Präsentation
- PublikationTechnology, human factors, and a holistic approach to checkpoint screening. Part I: Technology and human factors(06/2018) Merks, Sarah; Schwaninger, Adrian; Hättenschwiler, Nicole; Sterchi, Yanik; Mendes, Marcia; Hügli, David06 - Präsentation