Widmer Beierlein, Sandra

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Sandra
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Widmer Beierlein, Sandra

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    Publikation
    Picture Naming in Swiss Bivarietal Speakers [Vortrag]
    (04/2022) Blechschmidt, Anja; Widmer Beierlein, Sandra; Park, Sung Hea; Winkler, Manon; Falcón García, Noelia; Kuntner, Katrin Petra
    In German speaking Switzerland the language situation is characterized by the use of Swiss and High German (SG and HG) each of them with a clear and distinct context of use. This has often been referred to as diglossia (Haas 2004; Ferguson 1959). SG is always the first choice for Swiss speakers in informal situations, regardless of their social status and education (Christen, Ender & Kehrein 2020). On the contrary, HG is used in formal circumstances of schools or parliamentary speeches (Rash 2002). Therefore, SG is considered the first language because it is spoken in the families. HG, on the other hand, is often spoken regularly with the children from the time they enter kindergarten (EDK 2013; Christen, Glaser & Friedli 2011). The diglossia leaves it open whether the situation is monolingual or bilingual from a psycholinguistic perspective. Various studies assume at least bilingual-like conditions in speaking (Till et al. 2017; Vorwerg, Suntharam & Morand 2019). Studies on speech processing or comprehension of dialects and standard varieties are still a rarity at present. Picture naming for dialect and High German in Switzerland have not yet been investigated. The image naming paradigm has among others been used to study naming reactions of bilinguals. It is known that monolinguals name images faster and with less errors than bilinguals (Sullivan, Poarch & Bialystok 2018; Gollan et al. 2005). However, it has not yet been investigated which variety is more dominant in Swiss bivarietal speakers who are highly proficient in both language varieties. Picture naming tasks can give information about lexical retrieval of words especially in people with aphasia (Herbert et al. 2008). This prestudy examines the naming of images in SG and HG among healthy Swiss bivarietal speakers in order to clarify the following research questions: (1) Is there a significant difference in naming latencies between SG and HG and (2) Is there a difference in error rates for SG compared to HG. For this purpose, 123 healthy adults with first language Swiss German named 136 pictures each, half of them on SG and the other on HG. The words in both varieties consisted of two syllables, were bimorphic and controlled for word frequency, word class, animacy and transitivity, respectively. The images were presented on a tablet and the naming responses were recorded. Afterwards, all utterances were transcribed. Naming latencies were collected from correctly named items. An item was considered correct if the word and variety were correct. Naming latencies were measured manually using Praat. The data analysis has not yet been completed, but will be available at the time of the conference. The results of this study should help to understand the nature of bivarietal language processing in picture naming and improve language rehabilitation for people with aphasia in dialect speaking areas. The data will be compared in a further study with Swiss people with aphasia to obtain a better understanding of speech processing in healthy and speech impaired bivarietal speakers.
    06 - Präsentation
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    Publikation
    Evaluation of the Potential of Automatic Naming Latency Detection for Different Initial Phonemes during Picture Naming Task
    (IEEE, 11/2021) Park, Sung Hea; Altermatt, Sven; Widmer Beierlein, Sandra; Blechschmidt, Anja; Reymond, Claire; Degen, Markus; Rickert, Eliane; Wyss, Sandra; Kuntner, Katrin Petra; Hemm-Ode, Simone [in: 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)]
    04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
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    Publikation
    Dialekt oder Hochdeutsch? Beweggründe für ihre Verwendung in der Aphasiediagnostik im Spannungsfeld der Schweizer Diglossiesituation
    (Olms, 2020) Widmer Beierlein, Sandra; Vorwerg, Constanze [in: Dialekt und Logopädie. Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik]
    The language situation in the German-speaking part of Switzerland is diglossic, with Swiss German (regional dialects) and Standard German being used under different conditions. Aphasia assessment therefore constitutes a linguistically complex and challenging situation for speech therapists, as most of the tests are available in Standard German only, but patients speak Swiss German in every­day life. This study investigated reasons why speech therapists decide to use a Swiss-German dialect or the standard variety in the testing situation. Twenty speech therapists were interviewed. Results show that therapists adopt different perspectives whenjustifying the use of one or the other. For Standard German, the most frequently cited argument was the test criteria. For Swiss German, it was the patient's language.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
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    Publikation
    E-Inclusion - eine Benenn-App für Menschen mit Aphasie. Projekt der Strategischen Initiative der HSL, PH und HGK, 2018–2020 [Poster]
    (07.05.2019) Hemm-Ode, Simone; Degen, Markus; Shah, Ashesh; Parrillo, Fabrizio; Karlin, Stefan; Altermatt, Sven; Blechschmidt, Anja; Bucheli, Sandra; Kuntner, Katrin Petra; Widmer Beierlein, Sandra; Reymond, Claire; Müller, Christine; Grumbinaite, Indre
    06 - Präsentation
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    Publikation
    06 - Präsentation
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    Publikation
    The use of Swiss German and High German in aphasia testing in Switzerland
    (10/2016) Widmer Beierlein, Sandra; Vorwerg, Constanze
    In German-speaking Switzerland, depending on the context a standard variety and a dialect are used by the same speakers. This is often referred to as diaglossia (Ferguson, 1959; Werlen 1998). Swiss German (i.e., dialect) is prestigious and preferred for all oral communication. However, some more formal situations (e.g., school) require High German (i.e., standard language). This coexistence of two clearly distinguished varieties sometimes leads to code-switching, the change from one variety or language to another within a communicative situation (Bösshenz, 2011). In aphasia assessment, there is a discrepancy between the use of tests that were developed in Germany and are therefore based on (German) High German, such as the most widely used AAT (Aachen Aphasia Test, Huber et al. 1983), and the reported use of dialect by Speech Language Pathologists (SLP), when talking with their patients (Widmer Beierlein & Vorwerg, 2015). This raises the question how this dilemma between the language required by the test and the everyday language, is dealt with in diagnostic situations. What languages do individuals with aphasia and SLPs use during a diagnostic interview? Does code-switching occur, and if so, when? To address these questions, we video recorded two diagnostic situations, each of which with one SLP and one individual with aphasia. Therapists were free in the choice of the test. Both of them used the AAT. For the individuals with aphasia, the criterion for inclusion was that they had been Swiss dialect speakers before the beginning of the language problem. The video material (125 min.) was transcribed and analyzed with respect to the overall structure and patterns. Two subtests (Word and SentenceRepetition, Picture Naming) were analyzed in detail for each SLP-patient dyad. Both subtests have the same conversational structure: introductory talk, instruction, subtest, interim talk, conclusion. Each part of the structure was assigned a main variety. Each change by one speaker scored as code-switching. Results show that both the therapists and the individuals with aphasia use both Swiss and High German during the diagnosis. In the subtest Word and Sentence Repetition, all participants show exactly the same pattern: Participants switch to High German for the test items, but use Swiss German for all the other conversation occurring during the diagnostic situation, including instructions and help. In the subtest Picture Naming, SLPs do not use High German at all, whereas one individual with aphasia again uses High German for the test items only, and the other one uses both Swiss and High German to name the pictures. These are the first data one the use of varieties in assessment situations. Results show the importance of the dialect, the alternate use of both varieties, and factors of code-switching. An open question is how generalizable the patterns are, what motivates SLPs’ code-switches, and whether dialectal answers change the outcome of the assessment. These questions will be addressed by a larger study with 25 dyads, together with interviews with SLPs and an analysis of test protocols.
    06 - Präsentation
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    Publikation
    Sicherheitsnadel oder Hotschgufä. Aphasiediagnostik in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz
    (04/2016) Widmer Beierlein, Sandra; Vorwerg, Constanze
    06 - Präsentation
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    Publikation
    Testverfahren und Sprachgebrauch bei Aphasie in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz
    (11/2015) Widmer Beierlein, Sandra; Vorwerg, Constanze
    Einleitung Die Ziele einer Aphasiediagnostik bestehen darin entscheiden zu können, ob eine Aphasie vorliegt, die individuellen Probleme des Patienten zu erfassen und seine Ressourcen zu erkennen (Steiner, 2008:43). In der Sprachtherapie der deutschsprachigen Schweiz stehen Therapeuten nur standardisierte Verfahren aus Deutschland zur Verfügung. Es ist bisher ungeklärt, ob die deutschen Tests, die sich am dortigen Standard orientieren, die Sprachrealität Schweizer PatientInnen ausreichend abbilden. Die deutschschweizer Sprachsituation unterscheidet sich von derjenigen Deutschlands auf verschiedenen Ebenen: 1. In der deutschsprachigen Schweiz werden Dialekt und Hochdeutsch in unterschiedlichen Kontexten mit unterschiedlichen Funktionen verwendet (Rash, 2002). 2. Zwischen Hochdeutsch und den Schweizer Dialekten bestehen je nach linguistischer Ebene grosse sprachstrukturelle Unterschiede. 3. Der Dialekt geniesst in der Schweiz hohes Prestige und wird unabhängig vom sozialen Status des Sprechers verwendet. Dies zeigt sich auch in der eidgenössischen Volkszählung 2000: Dort geben 99% der Deutsch sprechenden Bevölkerung der Deutschschweiz an, mit ihren Angehörigen Dialekt zu sprechen (Werlen, 2004). Bisher existieren keine Daten darüber, welche Testverfahren von Schweizer LogopädInnen zur Diagnostik von Aphasien eingesetzt und welche Rolle der Dialekt im Umgang mit PatientInnen spielt. Für die vorliegende Studie ergeben sich draus folgende Fragestellungen: a) Wie häufig werden Dialekt und Hochdeutsch im Alltag mit den PatientInnen verwendet? b) Welche Tests werden in der Deutschschweiz für die Diagnostik bei Aphasie am häufigsten eingesetzt? c) Sehen Therapeuten die Notwendigkeit für Testanpassungen an die Schweizer Sprachsituation? Methodik Es wurde ein Onlinefragebogen mit 22 Fragen zu vier Themenkomplexen entwickelt. Die Fragen bezogen sich auf die allgemeine Berufssituation, den Sprachgebrauch im Alltag, die Testsituation bei Aphasie und demographische Daten. Der Link zur Umfrage wurde an LogopädInnen in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz verschickt, die in Spitälern, Rehakliniken und privaten Praxen arbeiten. An der Befragung nahmen 82 LogopädInnen aus 17 Kantonen teil. Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Dialekt die am häufigsten verwendete Sprache im Alltag mit PatientInnen darstellt. So verwenden fast alle Teilnehmenden (80/82) mit PatientInnen regelmässig Dialekt. Hochdeutsch hingegen wird nur von 64 der Befragten verwendet. Der mit Abstand am häufigsten verwendete Test in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz ist der AAT (Aachener Aphasie Test). Er wird von 65 Personen am häufigsten für die Diagnostik eingesetzt, gefolgt vom Bias (Bielefelder Aphasiescreening) (16), der ACL (Aphasie-Checkliste) (15), dem BMTDA (Basel Minnesota Test) (12) und einem eigenen Screening (6). Eine große Mehrheit der Befragten (63) hält ausserdem dialektale Anpassungen bei der Diagnostik von Aphasien in der Schweiz für notwendig. Diese betreffen vor allem den Wortschatz und die Grammatik. Diskussion und Ausblick Die Befragung zeigt, dass in der deutschschweizer Sprachtherapie eine Diskrepanz besteht zwischen Sprachgebrauch und Testrealität. Der Dialekt dominiert in der Kommunikation mit den PatientInnen, während der AAT Hochdeutsch als Testsprache vorschreibt. Es stellt sich deshalb die Frage, ob die Anforderungen an eine Aphasiediagnostik unter diesen Umständen erfüllt werden können und ob dem sprachstrukturellen Abstand zwischen Hochdeutsch (Test) und Schweizerdeutsch (Alltag) genügend Rechnung getragen wird. Eine weiterführende Studie soll mit Videodaten klären, wie Therapeutinnen und PatientInnen in der Testsituation mit diesem Dilemma umgehen. Daraus sollen Empfehlungen für den Umgang mit deutschen Tests in der Schweiz abgeleitet werden.
    06 - Präsentation
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    Publikation
    Language Use in Aphasia Testing in German-Speaking Switzerland
    (05/2015) Widmer Beierlein, Sandra; Vorwerg, Constanze; Lissoni, Laura
    This paper presents data on the use of Swiss German dialects and standard High German in situations of aphasia testing. In the German-speaking part of Switzerland, the use of dialect vs. standard language depends on context (Rash, 2002) and does not correlate with the social status of the speaker (Werlen, 2004). Dialect is used in oral communication among Swiss-German speakers, except in contexts such as class, parliament or partly church. The dialect is native language, whereas many speakers feel not comfortable when speaking High German. The fact that standardised tools are only available in High German to assess aphasia raises a number of questions: (1) What does the language use of speechlanguage pathologists (SLPs) look like? (2) Does code-switching between Swiss and High German occur in SLPs and patients in aphasia-testing situations? (3) Do SLPs see the need for a diagnostic tool that accounts for the Swiss language situation? Two different methods have been employed to address these questions. To answer the first and the third question, an online questionnaire was sent to SLPs working in Germanspeaking Switzerland in different settings like hospitals, rehabilitation centres and SLPs’ practices. In addition to demographic, working-situation and test-use details, the questionnaire collected data about the varieties used in daily life and in clinical settings, as well as suggestions for relevant aspects for test development for Switzerland. 82 SLPs from 17 cantons completed the questionnaire. The second question was addressed with a case study involving two SLPs testing one client each with the Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT; Huber et al., 1983), a standardised test specifically developed for the German language containing several subtests targeting different linguistic modalities. SLP-patient interactions were video-recorded, transcribed, and analysed with respect to code-switching. Results show that not only native speakers of Swiss German (81% of participants), but all SLPs indicate to use dialect in clinical contexts (80/82) and in their daily life (77), even though some individual cases might involve a non-Swiss dialect or a light adaptation of High German towards Swiss German. Most SLPs use both Swiss and High German for communication with their patients, and many use also other languages, such as Italian or French. The case studies on variety use in testing situations reveal that both SLPs and patients code-switch between varieties, with patients showing more code-switching, in some instances possibly to bypass word-finding problems in High German. SLPs’ code-switching shows some systematicity; in addition the pronunciation of Swiss High German varies. The survey data show that a large majority of SLPs (63/82) regard a taking-into-account of the Swiss language situation as important for aphasia test developments. Most think that all linguistic levels should be included in this.
    06 - Präsentation
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    Publikation
    Kompetenzorientierte projekt- und aufgabenbezogene Hochschullehre im Studiengang Logopädie
    (Stiftung Schweizer Zentrum für Heil- und Sonderpädagogik, 01.11.2013) Schräpler, Ute; Blechschmidt, Anja; Bucheli, Sandra; Frauchiger, Ursina; Kannengieser, Simone; Tovote, Katrin; Widmer Beierlein, Sandra; Richiger, Beat [in: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Heilpädagogik]
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift