Geissler, Achim
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Comparison of flexibility factors and introduction of a flexibility classification using advanced heat pump control
2021-12-13, Hall, Monika, Geissler, Achim
With the increasing use of renewable energy, the energy flexibility of buildings becomes increasingly important regarding grid support. Therefore, there is a need to describe this flexibility in a concise manner. For the characterization of building energy flexibility, flexibility factors can be used. The comparison of a selection of existing flexibility factors shows that they are not easy to use or understand for designers and users. A simplification is necessary. The aim of this study is to introduce a flexibility classification that is easy to understand and shows in an easy way if a building already uses the lowest energy cost level or if further improvement is possible. The classification expresses the annual energy costs in colored classes: green (class A) for lowest up to red (class D) for highest level. Basically, the flexibility classes can be derived for any metric of interest, in this paper examples are shown for energy costs and CO2eq emissions. The results given are based on the simulation of load management scenarios with different penalty signals applied for the heat pump operation of a residential building.
Comparison of flexibility factors for a residential building
2021-11-18, Hall, Monika, Geissler, Achim
Buildings that are able to shift their loads without comfort restraints are important for the ongoing transformation of the power supply. This flexibility potential can be expressed in flexibility factors. The usefulness of four factors is investigated based on load control for the heat pump of a small apartment building according to electricity prices (high/low tariffs, spot market prices), CO2eq emissions share in the grid and a restricted operation period during daytime. The calculation methodology of the presented flexibility factors GSC, RIP, FF and FI is very different. RIP and FF are preferable because they have defined valid ranges which makes them easier to understand. Current electricity prices force the heat pump operation mainly into the night. The optimization of CO2eq emissions encourages operation mainly during the day. The optimization goals costs or CO2eq emissions thus lead to opposing heat pump operation times and can currently therefore not both be met simultaneously.
Passive window ventilation openings in every-day use
2021-08-28, Hoffmann, Caroline, Geissler, Achim, Hauri, Claudia, Huber, Heinrich
The integration of passive window ventilation openings (PWVO, small air inlets integrated in the window frame) with additional exhaust fans in the kitchen and bathroom(s) can ensure a user-independent basic air change rate in dwellings. The project reported on herein is focused on how well buildings with PWVO work in real life.