Comparison of flexibility factors and introduction of a flexibility classification using advanced heat pump control
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Authors
Author (Corporation)
Publication date
13.12.2021
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Type
01A - Journal article
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Parent work
Energies
Special issue
DOI of the original publication
Series
Series number
Volume
14
Issue / Number
8391
24
24
Pages / Duration
1-19
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Publisher / Publishing institution
MDPI
Place of publication / Event location
Basel
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Abstract
With the increasing use of renewable energy, the energy flexibility of buildings becomes increasingly important regarding grid support. Therefore, there is a need to describe this flexibility in a concise manner. For the characterization of building energy flexibility, flexibility factors can be used. The comparison of a selection of existing flexibility factors shows that they are not easy to use or understand for designers and users. A simplification is necessary. The aim of this study is to introduce a flexibility classification that is easy to understand and shows in an easy way if a building already uses the lowest energy cost level or if further improvement is possible. The classification expresses the annual energy costs in colored classes: green (class A) for lowest up to red (class D) for highest level. Basically, the flexibility classes can be derived for any metric of interest, in this paper examples are shown for energy costs and CO2eq emissions. The results given are based on the simulation of load management scenarios with different penalty signals applied for the heat pump operation of a residential building.
Keywords
CO2 emission, Energy flexible buildings, Flexibibility factors, Flexibility classification, Penalty signals, Heat pump control, Load management, Demand response, Energy cost, Self-consumption
Subject (DDC)
624 - Ingenieurbau und Umwelttechnik
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ISBN
ISSN
1996-1073
Language
English
Created during FHNW affiliation
Yes
Strategic action fields FHNW
Publication status
Published
Review
Peer review of the complete publication
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Citation
HALL, Monika und Achim GEISSLER, 2021. Comparison of flexibility factors and introduction of a flexibility classification using advanced heat pump control. Energies. 13 Dezember 2021. Bd. 14, Nr. 8391, S. 1–19. DOI doi.org/10.3390/en14248391. Verfügbar unter: https://doi.org/10.26041/fhnw-4015