Pursuing fair writing assessment. Halo effects in primary school foreign language writing in grade six
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2026
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01A - Journal article
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Assessing Writing
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68
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101036
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Elsevier
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Abstract
Assessing the writing competence of pupils learning English as a foreign language (EFL) at primary school is associated with specific challenges because of learners’ limited language resources. This study investigates the extent to which characteristics of their texts trigger so-called halo effects. Halo effects are an assessment bias where the quality of one feature unintentionally influences the evaluation of other aspects. The study examines halo effects across nine aspects of text quality (communicative effect, level of detail, coherence, cohesion, complexity of syntax and grammar, correctness of syntax and grammar, vocabulary, orthography and punctuation), based on a random sample of narrative texts from a sixth-grade corpus. 200 pre-service teachers assessed four randomly assigned texts. Halo effects were calculated by comparison to expert ratings using multi-level regression analyses. Results show that orthography and vocabulary were the two main triggers of halo effects. Punctuation also triggered some halo effects, but to a smaller extent. The assessment of communicative effect, complexity and correctness of syntax and grammar was not determined by the corresponding text quality but dominated by other criteria. Results highlight the importance of being aware of halo effects when assessing young EFL learners’ texts and emphasise the need for suitable training measures. Analysis of halo effects across nine aspects of text quality. Random sample of narrative texts from a sixth-grade EFL corpus. Orthography and vocabulary are the two main triggers of halo effects. Punctuation also triggers halo effects but to a smaller extent. Halo effects call for awareness and targeted training.
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1075-2935
1873-5916
1873-5916
Language
English
Created during FHNW affiliation
Yes
Strategic action fields FHNW
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Published
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peer-reviewed
Open access category
Hybrid
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Citation
Trüb, R., Lohmann, J. F., Möller, J., & Keller, S. (2026). Pursuing fair writing assessment. Halo effects in primary school foreign language writing in grade six. Assessing Writing, 68, 101036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2026.101036