Accessibility and usability evaluation of university websites in Afghanistan: a comparison between public and private universities

dc.contributor.authorMohammadi, Mustafa Kamel
dc.contributor.authorEsichaikul, Vatcharaporn
dc.contributor.authorMohammadi, Abulfazl
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-24T09:49:43Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractThe world wide web as a service offered on top of the internet has become the information repository through which we access the web pages of each individual or organization. To make the content accessible for users with disabilities, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) developed the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). In addition to accessibility, the websites should be designed in a way that is usable for their users. As no previous research has been done to evaluate the accessibility and usability of university websites in Afghanistan, this research fills the gap by evaluating the usability and accessibility of public and private universities in Afghanistan and comparing the usability and accessibility status of public and private universities’ websites. AChecker and WAVE were the tools used for accessibility evaluation against WCAG 2.0 guidelines. For usability evaluation, a heuristic approach was used with eight dimensions. The results show that none of the university websites conform to the accessibility guidelines while violating various accessibility criteria. It was also found that a large portion of both public and private universities are ignoring the usability measures related to information structure, hyperlink conventions, multi-language options, navigational design, and the readability of text on the website. Public administrators, policymakers, website designers, and web administrators are to benefit from the findings of this research regarding the accessibility and usability of university websites in Afghanistan.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10209-022-00896-6
dc.identifier.issn1615-5297
dc.identifier.issn1615-5289
dc.identifier.urihttps://irf.fhnw.ch/handle/11654/52092
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Nature
dc.relation.ispartofUniversal Access in the Information Society
dc.spatialLondon
dc.subject.ddc330 - Wirtschaft
dc.subject.ddc004 - Computer Wissenschaften, Internet
dc.titleAccessibility and usability evaluation of university websites in Afghanistan: a comparison between public and private universities
dc.type01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
dc.volume23
dspace.entity.typePublication
fhnw.InventedHereYes
fhnw.ReviewTypeAnonymous ex ante peer review of a complete publication
fhnw.affiliation.hochschuleHochschule für Wirtschaft FHNWde_CH
fhnw.affiliation.institutInstitut für Unternehmensführungde_CH
fhnw.openAccessCategoryClosed
fhnw.pagination955-974
fhnw.publicationStatePublished
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationa919e52a-ed5f-478f-aa2d-b54d5f6d2202
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverya919e52a-ed5f-478f-aa2d-b54d5f6d2202
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