Unequal priorities: how intra-household resource allocation and means-tested benefits affect capabilities in poor families

Abstract

Means-tested welfare is usually provided at the household level. However, resources are not necessarily shared equally among household members. Benefits may thus have different effects on individuals depending on their position in the household. Based on interviews with twenty-four poor families in Switzerland and drawing on the capability approach, this article analyzes how practices of intra-household resource sharing interact with the design of social assistance and NGO benefits in shaping capabilities. Women in couples tend to be disadvantaged in resource distribution, but due to joint eligibility with their partners, it can be difficult for them to access benefits. Children and younger adults are favored by intergenerational redistribution, especially regarding their opportunities for education and participation. Moreover, NGO benefits are more easily available for children, whereas young adults are favored by their independent eligibility for benefits. The article concludes that independently accessible benefits would improve the capabilities of women.