Institut für Optometrie

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Do MCH prisms change asthenopic complaints when reading?
(DOZ-Verlag, 28.06.2024) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, Stephanie [in: Optometry & Contact Lenses]
Purpose. Asthenopic symptoms mostly occur during demanding near-sighted tasks and are related to binocular symptoms (e.g. heterophoria), among others. Correction of symptomatic heterophoria with prismatic glasses is one way to treat the symptoms. This study investigates the effect of wearing a horizontal prismatic correction for 6 months. Material and Methods. A total of 87 subjects were assigned to a heterophoric prism group (N=32), a heterophoric control group (N= 31) or an orthophoric control group (N= 24) according to their MCH heterophoria. In the heterophoric prism group, the subjects were prescribed glasses with a prismatic correction for 6 months according to their distance correction; in contrast, the subjects in the heterophoric control group had to wear glasses without prismatic correction for the same period. The effect of the prisms on complaints due to asthenopic symptoms was investigated by comparing the total sum obtained in the CISS questionnaire at the beginning of the study and after 6 months (before and after wearing glasses) for the 3 groups. Results. A (long-term) prism effect was not apparent in the CISS total score. In both the heterophoric prism group and in the heterophoric control group, the CISS total score increased slightly and non-significantly after 6 months. When considering the heterophoric subjects with an increased CISS score at baseline, a nevertheless slight but non-significant decrease of symptoms was observed. All changes were observed in both the heterophoric prism group and the heterophoric control group. An additional analysis using binocular profiles showed a reduction in symptoms by numbers and specifically for subjects with reduced vergence facility. Conclusion. Wearing an individual, horizontal prismatic correction had no effect on the overall CISS-score for our test subjects. Further methods that allow a systematic recording of symptoms and optometric parameters are probably necessary to observe an effect. These could be binocular profiles that classify individuals according to their binocular parameters.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Einblick. Nach mehr als zwei Jahren Forschung gibt es Neuigkeiten zur Wirkung prismatischer Korrekturen beim Lesen
(Galledia, 10/2022) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, Stephanie [in: Schweizer Optiker]
01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder Zeitung
Relating asthenopic symptoms to optometric measures and parameters of binocular vision
(08/2022) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, Stephanie
Asthenopic symptoms are related to heterophoria and problems of binocular vision. In a recent paper, we showed that vergence drift and fixation durations are related to symptoms (CISS-questionnaire), but optometric measures such as heterophoria, vergence or accommodative facility, AC/A-ratio or NPC did not significantly add to the explained variance of asthenopia. We re-analysed our data, in which binocular eye movements were recorded (EyeLink II) for 64 participants, and linear regression analyses related all parameters of binocular coordination (objective heterophoria, vergence drift, saccade disconjugacy, fixation disparity and fixation duration), and the above-mentioned optometric tests to 4 symptoms factors (eye comfort, reading process, image quality and fatigue), which we identified by a factor analysis of the CISS-questionnaire. Objective heterophoria and fixation duration predicted 20% of the variance in symptoms concerning the reading process (factor 2). Furthermore, fixation duration seems to be slightly, but not significantly, related to symptoms addressing fatigue (factor 4), whereas optometric tests are not significantly related to any asthenopia factor. Overall, objective measures during reading relate to asthenopic symptoms, however the lack of asthenopic symptoms prediction by daily optometric parameters is still unexplained. Therefore, further research is needed to find out suited optometric parameters to infer asthenopic symptoms.
06 - Präsentation
Verändern MKH-Prismen den binokularen Vorteil beim Lesen?
(DOZ-Verlag, 2022) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, Stephanie [in: Optometry & Contact Lenses]
Zweck. Beim Lesen mit beiden Augen stellt sich ein binokularer Vorteil (kürzere Lese- und Fixationszeiten im Vergleich zu monokularem Lesen), welcher durch Prozesse der motorischen und sensorischen Fusion zustande kommt, ein. Der binokulare Vorteil beim Lesen ist zum Teil von der individuellen horizontalen Heterophorie abhängig und damit stellte sich die Frage, ob sich prismatische Korrektionen (bestimmt nach der MKH-Methode, zum Ausgleich einer Heterophorie) auf den binokularen Vorteil oder auf Parameter der binokularen Koordination beim Lesen auswirken. Material und Methoden. Wir haben die binokularen Augenbewegungen von 54 Personen mit einer individuellen horizontalen Heterophorie beim Lesen vermessen (Eyelink II): für (1) monokular, (2) binokular, (3) binokular mit Disparität (entsprechend MKH-Prisma) und (4) binokular mit Disparität nach sechs Monaten präsentierte, deutschsprachige Sätze (insg. 120). In der sechsmonatigen Pause zwischen Messung (3) und (4) trugen 29 Personen Brillen mit prismatischen Korrektionen, während 25 Personen als Kontrollgruppe fungierten. Ergebnisse. Unsere Daten zeigten einen klaren, signifikantenVorteil für binokulares Lesen für alle Personen, ohne dass eine kurzfristige Präsentation einer individuellen Disparität (analog eines MKH-Prismas) daran etwas änderte. Erst nach einer Prismentragezeit von sechs Monaten zeigte sich zusätzlich ein tendenziell größerer binokularer Vorteil in der „Prismengruppe“ im Vergleich zur „Kontrollgruppe“. Parallel dazu nahm die Kopplung der Augen (Diskonjunktion) leicht zu und die objektive Fixationsdisparität nahm signifikant ab. Fazit. Das Tragen einer individuellen prismatischen, horizontalen Korrektion (MKH) hatte für unsere Studienteilnehmer*innen einen Einfluss auf die binokulare Koordination beim Lesen und erhöhte gleichzeitig den binokularen Vorteil. Dieser eher mittel- bis langfristige Effekt von prismatischen Korrektionen ist neu und sollte in weiteren Studien vertieft untersucht werden.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Do standard optometric measures predict binocular coordination during reading?
(Bern Open Publishing, 21.01.2021) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, Stephanie [in: Journal of Eye Movement Research]
In reading, binocular eye movements are required for optimal visual processing and thus, in case of asthenopia or reading problems, standard orthoptic and optometric routines check individual binocular vision by a variety of tests. The present study therefore examines the predictive value of such standard measures of heterophoria, accommodative and vergence facility, AC/A-ratio, NPC and symptoms for binocular coordination parameters during reading. Binocular eye movements were recorded (EyeLink II) for 65 volunteers during a typical reading task and linear regression analyses related all parameters of binocular coordination to all above-mentioned optometric measures: while saccade disconjugacy was weakly predicted by vergence facility (15% explained variance), vergence facility, AC/A and symptoms scores predicted vergence drift (31%). Heterophoria, vergence facility and NPC explained 31% of fixation disparity and first fixation duration showed minor relations to symptoms (18%). In sum, we found only weak to moderate relationships, with expected, selective associations: dynamic parameter related to optometric tests addressing vergence dynamics, whereas the static parameter (fixation disparity) related mainly to heterophoria. Most surprisingly, symptoms were only loosely related to vergence drift and fixation duration, reflecting associations to a dynamic aspect of binocular eye movements in reading and potentially non-specific, overall but slight reading deficiency. Thus, the efficiency of optometric tests to predict binocular coordination during reading was low – questioning a simple, straightforward extrapolation of such test results to an overlearned, complex task.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Do standard optometric measures predict binocular coordination during reading?
(Bern Open Publishing, 2021) Joss, Joëlle; Jainta, Stephanie [in: Journal of Eye Movement Research]
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Binocular advantages in reading revisited. Attenuating effects of individual horizontal heterophoria
(Bern Open Publishing, 09.12.2019) Jainta, Stephanie; Joss, Joëlle [in: Journal of Eye Movement Research]
Reading with two eyes necessitates efficient processes of binocular vision, which provide a single percept of the text. These processes come with a binocular advantage: binocular reading shows shorter average fixation durations and sentence reading times when compared to monocular reading. A couple of years ago, we showed for a small sample (N=13) that binocular advantages critically relate to the individual heterophoria (the resting state of vergence). In the present, large-scale replication we collected binocular eye movements (Eyelink II) for 94 participants who read 20 sentences monocularly and 20 sentences binocularly. Further, individual heterophorias were determined using three different optometric standards: objective eye tracking (EyeLink II at 60 cm), Maddox wing test (at 30 cm) and measures following the “Guidelines for the application of the Measuring and Correcting Methodology after H.-J. Haase” (MCH; at 6 m). Binocular eye movements showed typical pattern and we replicated (1) binocular advantages of about 25 ms for average fixation durations and (2) a reduction in binocular advantages when heterophoria increased – but only when heterophoria was identified by EyeLink II or Maddox wing measures; MCH measures of heterophoria did not affect binocular advantages in reading. For large heterophorias binocular reading even turned into a disadvantage. Implications for effect estimations and optometric testing will be discussed.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Does air gas aesthesiometry generate a true mechanical stimulus for corneal sensitivity measurement?
(Wiley, 01.03.2018) Nosch, Daniela; Pult, Heiko; Albon, Julie; Purslow, Christine; Murphy, Paul J [in: Clinical and Experimental Optometry]
Aim of this study - to determine: (A) the stimulus temperature inducing no or least change in ocular surface temperature (OST), using the Belmonte Ocular Pain Meter (OPM); and (B) to evaluate if OST remains unchanged with different stimulus durations and airflow rates. A total of 14 subjects (mean age 25.14 ± 2.18 years) participated: (A) OST was recorded using an infrared camera (FLIR A310) during the presentation of airflow stimuli, at five temperatures, ambient temperature (AT) +5°C, +10°C, +15°C, +20°C and +30°C, using the OPM; and (B) OST measurements were repeated with two stimulus temperatures (AT +10°C and +15°C) while varying stimulus durations and airflow rates. Results: (A) Stimulus temperatures of AT +10°C and +15°C induced the least changes in OST (-0.20 ± 0.13°C and 0.08 ± 0.05°C). (B) OST changes were statistically significant with both stimulus temperatures and increased with increasing airflow rates (p < 0.001).
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Relationship between corneal sensation, blinking, and tear film quality
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 17.05.2016) Nosch, Daniela; Pult, Heiko; Albon, Julie; Purslow, Christine; Murphy, Paul J [in: Optometry & Vision Science]
Purpose. To examine the possible role of corneal sensitivity and tear film quality in triggering a blink by investigating the relationship between blink rate, central corneal sensitivity threshold (CST), ocular surface temperature (OST), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear film quality (noninvasive tear break-up time [NIBUT]), and tear film lipid pattern under normal conditions. Methods. Fortytwo volunteers (average age 27.76+/-5.36 years; 11males) with good ocular health( OcularSurfaceDisease Index, <15.0) were recruited for this cross-sectional cohort study. Blink rate, CST (noncontact corneal air gas aesthesiometry, NCCA), minimum and maximum OST in the central and inferior cornea between blinks (thermal infrared camera), TMH, NIBUT, and lipid pattern of the tear film (Keeler Tearscope Plus) were recorded on the right eye only. Results. Median blink ratewas 11blinks/min (interquartilerange [IR], 6.95 to 17.05), CST was 0.35mbars (IR,0.30to0.40), minimum OST in the central cornea was 35.15°C (IR, 34.58 to 35.50), and NIBUT was 34.55 s (IR, 12.45 to 53.80). Moderate but statistically significant correlations were observed between CST and NIBUT (r = 0.535, p < 0.001), CST and blink rate (r = -0.398, p < 0.001), lipid pattern and OST (r = 0.556, p < 0.001), and between CST and OST (r = 0.371, p = 0.008). The correlations between blink rate and NIBUT (r = -0.696, p < 0.001) and between OST and NIBUT (r = 0.639, p G 0.001; Spearman test) achieved higher significance; this was highlighted by the linear regression model where NIBUT and minimum central and inferior OST were identified as significant predictor variables. Conclusions. There is strong evidence for significant interactions between corneal sensitivity, NIBUT, OST, and blink frequency, emphasizing that ocular surface conditions represent a possible important trigger for the initiation of a blink. However, the mechanisms involved in the initiation of a blink are complex, with local ocular sensory input as only one trigger, along with other external influences and internal factors under cortical control.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Periphere Epitheliale Corneale Hypertrophie (PECH) beim Tragen weicher hydrophiler Kontaktlinsen
(05/2016) Bronner, Rainer; Nosch, Daniela [in: Die Kontaktlinse]
Peripheral epithelial corneal hyperfluorescence (PECH) in daily soft contact lens (CL) wear is described by three case reports. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) measurements show the presence of epithelial corneal hypertrophy on affected eyes. A statistical analysis of a group of patients with PECH in comparison to a control group suggests a hypoxic cause for PECH. Further clinical studies with balanced patient populations are required to confirm these findings, as the population of this study group was affected by a selection bias.
01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder Zeitung
Effects of Prism Eyeglasses on Objective and Subjective Fixation Disparity
(Public Library of Science, 02.10.2015) Schroth, Volkhard; Joos, Roland; Jaschinski, Wolfgang [in: PLOS ONE]
In optometry of binocular vision, the question may arise whether prisms should be included in eyeglasses to compensate an oculomotor and/or sensory imbalance between the two eyes. The corresponding measures of objective and subjective fixation disparity may be reduced by the prisms, or the adaptability of the binocular vergence system may diminish effects of the prisms over time. This study investigates effects of wearing prisms constantly for about 5 weeks in daily life. Two groups of 12 participants received eyeglasses with prisms having either a base-in direction or a base-out direction with an amount up to 8 prism diopters. Prisms were prescribed based on clinical fixation disparity test plates at 6 m. Two dependent variables were used: (1) subjective fixation disparity was indicated by a perceived offset of dichoptic nonius lines that were superimposed on the fusion stimuli and (2) objective fixation disparity was measured with a video based eye tracker relative to monocular calibration. Stimuli were presented at 6 m and included either central or more peripheral fusion stimuli. Repeated measurements were made without the prisms and with the prisms after about 5 weeks of wearing these prisms. Objective and subjective fixation disparity were correlated, but the type of fusion stimulus and the direction of the required prism may play a role. The prisms did not reduce the fixation disparity to zero, but induced significant changes in fixation disparity with large effect sizes. Participants receiving base-out prisms showed hypothesized effects, which were concurrent in both types of fixation disparity. In participants receiving base-in prisms, the individual effects of subjective and objective effects were negatively correlated: the larger the subjective (sensory) effect, the smaller the objective (motor) effect. This response pattern was related to the vergence adaptability, i.e. the individual fusional vergence reserves.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Blink animation softare to improve blinking and dry eye symptoms
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 09/2015) Nosch, Daniela; Foppa, Curdin; Toth, Mike; Joos, Roland E. [in: Optometry & Vision Science]
Purpose: To evaluate if the animation “blink blink” increases blink rate and improves dry eye symptoms during prolonged computer use. Methods: Study part A: Blink rate was recorded at baseline and during computer work of normal subjects without symptoms of dry eye. Half of the subjects used “blink blink,” instructed to blink on animation appearance; the other half used a placebo version for 1 week during computer use. Thereafter, blink rate was recorded again with the use of “blink blink.” Study part B: Blink rate was recorded during computer work with dry eye symptoms (modified Ocular Surface Disease Index > 15.0). Subjects used the test and placebo version of “blink blink” each for 1 week (1 week washout; crossover) and were instructed to blink twice on presentation of the animation. Blink rate and dry eye symptoms were assessed after each phase and compared with baseline. Results: Study part A: Ten subjects participated (mean [±SD] age, 38.3 [±16.0] years; 5 women). A greater increase in blink rate was observed in the test group (5.62 blinks/min for the test group and 0.96 blinks/min for the control group). Study part B: Twenty-four subjects participated (mean [±SD] age, 39.3 [±19.1] years; 11 women). Dry eye symptoms improved during both phases (with test and placebo) to a statistically significant degree (each, p < 0.001). This difference was more marked with the test (−5.42 [±2.86] points) compared with the placebo version (−1.79 [±1.38] points). Blink rate increased with the program by 6.75 (±3.80) blinks/min (p < 0.001), compared with 0.50 (±2.83) blinks/min with placebo (p = 0.396). This difference between test and placebo was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Twenty of the 24 subjects could tolerate “blink blink” well during computer use. Conclusions: Blink rate and dry eye symptoms improved with “blink blink.” The double blink prompted by the animation allowed a decrease in number of presentations and improved acceptance of “blink blink.”
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Hornhautsensibilität Teil 3: Das Trockene Auge, Keratokonus, refraktive Chirurgie, Keratoplastik und systemische Erkrankungen
(02/2014) Nosch, Daniela [in: Deutsche Optiker Zeitung]
Die vorangegangenen beiden Artikel machten deutlich, welche wichtige Rolle die oberflächlichen Nerven im cornealen epithelialen sub-basalen Nervenplexus für eine gesunde Hornhaut spielen und wie sie in ihrer Reaktionsfähigkeit durch das Tragen von Kontaktlinsen beeinflusst werden können. Dieser dritte Artikel handelt von möglichen Änderungen der Hornhautsensibilität bei der Entwicklung des trockenen Auges (und in seinem weiteren Krankheitsverlauf), bei Keratokonus, refraktiver Chirurgie, Keratoplastik sowie infolge systemischer Erkrankungen, wie beispielsweise der peripheren Neuropathie bei Diabetes.
01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder Zeitung
Hornhautsensibilität Teil 2: Der Einfluss von Kontaktlinsen
(01/2014) Nosch, Daniela [in: Deutsche Optikerzeitung]
Die Messung der Hornhautsensibilität ermöglicht eine Beurteilung der Funktionstüchtigkeit der schmerzempfindlichen oberflächlichen Hornhautnerven. Daraus ergeben sich wichtige Hinweise auf die Gesundheit der Hornhaut im Verlauf eines Erkrankungsprozesses, während der Heilungsphase nach einer Verletzung oder einem refraktiv-chirurgischen Eingriff, sowie beim Kontaktlinsentragen. Die Nervenenden in der Hornhaut und Bindehaut sind über ein komplexes Feedback-Netzwerk (unter Aktivierung von Hirnstamm Regelkreisen) mit den Tränendrüsen und dem Musculus orbicularis oculi verbunden, um die Gesundheit der Augenvorderfläche und den Tränenfilm jederzeit zu überwachen und zu erhalten. Für die Regulierung des Heilungsprozesses nach Verletzungen lösen sie die Freigabe von trophischen Substanzen (Neuropeptide und Neurotrophine) aus. Dieser Beitrag fasst die publizierte Literatur über den Einfluss des Kontaktlinsentragens zusammen und erläutert, welche Auswirkungen verschiedene Kontaktlinsenmaterialien und Tragemodi haben.
01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder Zeitung
The accuracy of dynamic contour tonometry over soft contact lenses
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 02/2013) Gogniat, Fabrice; Steinegger, Daniela; Nosch, Daniela; Joos, Roland E; Goldschmidt, Michael [in: Optometry & Vision Science]
Purpose. Dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) has been shown to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) independently of corneal thickness. This study aimed to investigate if DCT remains accurate when the IOP measurement is taken over soft contact lenses (CLs) of different thicknesses and material characteristics. Methods. This was a prospective clinical study that included 42 patients. Subject age was 22 to 59 years (26.5 T 6.3 years). Intraocular pressure and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) measurements were taken under topical anesthesia without CLs and over various daily disposable CLs with j0.50, +5.00, and j5.00 diopters (D) in hydrogel (Nelfilcon A) and in silicone hydrogel (Narafilcon A) materials. Results. No statistically significant differences were found when comparing the IOP measurements obtained using either of the different CL powers of j0.50 or j5.00 D, irrespective of which CL material was being used. However, the difference of 0.62mmHg observed when the Nelfilcon Awith a power of +5.00Dwas used turned out to be highly statistically significant (p = 0.0002), whereas the Narafilcon Awith the same power of +5.00 D, with a small difference of j0.16 mm Hg, was not. Regarding OPA measurements, no significant differences were found between measurements with and without CL neither for different materials nor for change in dioptrical power (F = 0, p = 1.000). Conclusions. This study showed good reliability of IOP and OPA measurements over CLs with varying thickness profiles and different soft materials when using the DCT. Only a small but statistically significant difference of 0.62mmHg was found for the IOP measurement with the hydrogel CL of +5.00 D compared with ‘‘no CL.’’
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Hornhautsensibilität Teil 1: Grundlagen und Messung
(2013) Nosch, Daniela [in: Deutsche Optiker Zeitung]
Die Hornhautsensibilität wird durch eine neurologische Reaktion der frei liegenden Nervenfaserenden im Hornhautepithel bestimmt. Diese registrieren mechanische, chemische und thermische Reizungen und versorgen somit die Hornhaut mit einem wichtigen Schutzmechanismus vor schädlichen Einflüssen aus der Umwelt: Eine mechanische Reizung bewirkt eine Empfindung von Schmerz, eine elektrische Reizung verursacht Schmerzen und Irritation, ein kalter Stimulus wird als kühlend wahrgenommen, ein warmer Stimulus hingegen verursacht Irritation, während eine chemische Reizung als brennend oder gar stechender Schmerz empfunden wird. In diesem Artikel werden die Wissensgrundlagen zu den oberflächlichen Hornhautnerven zusammengefasst: deren Rolle bei der Erhaltung eines gesunden Stoffwechsels der Hornhaut, ihre Innervation, die verschiedenen schmerzempfindlichen cornealen Nerventypen und ihre Nervenenden, die Morphologie des epithelialen subbasalen Nervenplexus und schließlich die Messung der Hornhautsensibilität.
01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder Zeitung
Dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) over a thin daily disposable hydrogel contact lens
(Elsevier, 2010) Nosch, Daniela; Herrmann, Didier; Duddek, Armin P.; Stuhrmann, Oliver M. [in: Contact Lens Anterior Eye]
Dynamic Contour Tonometry (DCT) has been shown to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) independent of corneal physical properties such as thickness, curvature and rigidity. The aim of this study was to find out if DCT remains accurate when it is applied on regularly shaped corneas while a thin, daily hydrogel contact lens (CL) is worn. Methods: This was a prospective, randomised study and included 46 patients (46 right eyes): 26 females and 20 males. The age varied from 22 to 66 years (mean: 43.0±12.70 years). IOP and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) measurements were taken with and without a daily disposable hydrogel CL (−0.50 D), Filcon IV) in situ (using the DCT), with a randomised order of measurements. Results: The average value for the IOP measurements without CL was 16.51±3.20mmHg, and with CL in situ it was 16.10±3.10mmHg. The mean difference was 0.41mmHg and not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.074). The average value for the OPA measurement without CL was 2.20±0.79mmHg. With CL in situ it was 2.08±0.81mmHg. This gave a mean difference of 0.11mmHg and was statistically significant (p = 0.025). The Bland–Altman plot showed a maximum difference in IOP of +2.44 and −2.00mmHg (CI 0.95). Regarding OPA, the maximum difference was +0.81 and −0.60mmHg (CI 0.95). Conclusion: The presence of a thin hydrogel CL did not affect the accuracy of IOP measurements using the DCT. The ocular pulse amplitude was measured on average 5.45% lower with a CL in situ.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Contact Lens profile: a tale of two countries
(Elsevier, 12/2009) Bowden, Tim; Nosch, Daniela; Harknett, Tony [in: Contact Lens Anterior Eye]
Introduction: This study investigated the modality, type and duration of contact lens wear as well as compliance and hygiene related issues (hand and case hygiene, use of tap water, dozing and overnight wear) in the UK and Germany. Questionnaires were collected anonymously from 417 UK and 767 German patients attending optometric practices for contact lens appointments. It is the seventh of a series of contact lens wearer profiles conducted since 2000. Results: The proportion of rigid gas permeable lenses worn was significantly higher at 55.4% in Germany, compared to 16.1% in the UK. Overall, a significantly larger proportion of German participants used tap water to rinse their lenses and cases (P < 0.001). Also, German respondents changed their lens cases less frequently (p < 0.001). Fewer UK than German respondents stated they washed their hands before lens insertion (p = 0.009), removal (p = 0.01), before eating (p < 0.001). German participants were less likely to wash their hands before preparing food (p = 0.042) and after using the toilet (p = 0.002). The two sample groups differed significantly regarding the care regimens they used for their CLs (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The differences between Germany and the UK highlighted in this study were caused by differences in legal regulations, plumbing and practitioners’ guidance. Although many of the questions relating to hygiene differed statistically between the two participating sample groups, the absolute differences in figures were not considered to be large.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
The application of a computerised videokeratography (CVK) based contact lens fitting software programme on irregularly shaped corneal surfaces
(Elsevier, 09/2007) Nosch, Daniela; Mavrikakis, Ioannis; Morris, Judith; Ong, Gek L. [in: Contact Lens Anterior Eye]
Purpose: To explore the success of the application of a computerised videokeratography (CVK) software system for the fitting of rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses (CLs) on irregular corneal surfaces and compare it to the standard diagnostic fitting procedure. Methods: This was a comparative prospective study, over a 1-year period (2004–2005). It included 41 RGP CL wearers (68 eyes) with irregular corneal surfaces. Of these, 51 (75%) had keratoconus, 7 (10%) corneal scarring (infectious or traumatic), 6 (6.82%) corneal transplants, 2 (2.9%) astigmatism, and 2 (2.9%) aphakia. Each eye was being re-fitted with a new RGP CL based on a topographical measurement in conjunction with a CL fitting software programme. The performance of the CLs was evaluated regarding visual outcome, fitting characteristics, and efficiency of the fitting procedure. Results: Of the 68 eyes, 53 (77.94%) chose the CL fitted using the CVK software system, 9 (13.24%) chose the CL fitted using the standard procedure, and 6 (8.82%) showed no preference for either CL. There was a statistically significant improvement regarding visual outcome [contrast sensitivity at the spatial frequencies of 0.66 ( p = 0.029), 3.40 ( p = 0.008), and 17 ( p = 0.032), subjective vision ( p = 0.009)], fitting characteristics [grading scale ( p = 0.00), lens comfort ( p = 0.00) and daily wearing time ( p = 0.002)], and efficiency [number of trial lenses required ( p = 0.00)] with the CL fitted using the CVK software system. Correlating factors for the likely preference for the CL fitted using the CVK software system were subjective vision ( p = 0.004), lens comfort ( p = 0.009), and convenience of the fitting procedure ( p = 0.023). Conclusion: The application of a CVK software system for the fitting procedure of RGP CLs on irregular corneal surfaces was a safe procedure and shown to be more successful and efficient than the standard diagnostic fitting method.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift

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