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Publikation Magnetic superbasic proton sponges are readily removed and permit direct product isolation(American Chemical Society, 2014) Schneider, Elia M.; Raso, Renzo; Hofer, Corinne J.; Zeltner, Martin; Stettler, Robert D.; Hess, Samuel C.; Grass, Robert N.; Stark, Wendelin J.Workup in organic synthesis can be very time-consuming, particularly when using reagents with both a solubility similar to that of the desired products and a tendency not to crystallize. In this respect, reactions involving organic bases would strongly benefit from a tremendously simplified separation process. Therefore, we synthesized a derivative of the superbasic proton sponge 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (DMAN) and covalently linked it to the strongest currently available nanomagnets based on carbon-coated cobalt metal nanoparticles. The immobilized magnetic superbase reagent was tested in Knoevenagel- and Claisen-Schmidt-type condensations and showed conversions of up to 99%. High yields of up to 97% isolated product could be obtained by simple recrystallization without using column chromatography. Recycling the catalyst was simple and fast with an insignificant decrease in catalytic activity.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Nanoparticle-assisted, catalytic etching of carbon surfaces as a method to manufacture nanogrooves(American Chemical Society, 2012) Schumacher, Christoph M.; Koehler, Fabian M.; Rotzetter, Aline C. C.; Raso, Renzo; Stark, Wendelin J.A simple structuring method for graphitic structures based on the catalytic properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles under oxidizing conditions is presented. Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite chips were impregnated with well-dispersed ceria nanoparticles and then treated at elevated temperatures for several hours. Oxidation activities on the particle surface appeared as crystallographically independent traces that were formed on the graphite and provide a simple method to manufacture nanogrooves at large scale. By altering treatment durations and temperatures, the optimal conditions and activity parameters of the particles were determined. A systematic AFM evaluation allowed formulating of a mechanism of the etching process. The findings provide a simple procedure for the patterning of graphitic structures, formation of nanogrooves and thereby a basic tool for material science with respect to the manufacturing of atmospheric nanofilters and ion-selective membranes.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Enzyme Armoring by an Organosilica Layer: Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Nanobiocatalysts(Academic Press, 02/2017) Correro, Maria Rita; Sykora, Sabine; Corvini, Philippe; Shahgaldian, PatrickThe availability of highly stable and reusable enzymes is one of the main challenges in bio-based industrial processes. Enzyme immobilization and encapsulation represent promising strategies to reach this goal. In this chapter, the synthetic strategy to produce hybrid organic/inorganic nanobiocatalysts (NBC) is reported. This strategy is based on the sequential immobilization of an enzyme on the surface of silica nanoparticles followed by the growth, at the surface of the nanoparticles, of a shielding layer which serves as an armor to protect the enzyme against denaturation/degradation. This armor is produced through a thickness-controlled organosilane poly-condensation onto the nanoparticle surface around the enzyme to form a protective organosilica layer. The armored nanobiocatalysts present enhanced catalytic activity and improved stability against heat, pH, chaotropic agents, proteases, and ultrasound. The method is versatile in that it can be successfully adapted to a number of different enzymes.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Application of natural and semi-synthetic polymers for the delivery of sensitive drugs(Taylor & Francis, 02/2015) Germershaus, Oliver; Lühmann, Tessa; Rybak, Jascha-Nikolai; Ritzer, Jennifer; Meinel, LorenzAbstract This review summarises recent developments in the application of natural and semi-synthetic polymers for the delivery of sensitive drugs. Peptides, proteins and nucleic acids are drugs of increasing relevance potentially offering treatment options in indications with high unmet medical need. However, these drugs are characterised by high molecular weight, high sensitivity to enzymatic degradation, unfavourable pharmacokinetics and often require targetting to specific cell types or cellular compartments. To successfully transform these drug molecules into efficacious therapies, advanced drug delivery systems must be developed that protect the drug, control drug release to improve pharmacokinetics and allow efficient targetting. Synthetic, semi-synthetic or natural polymers or inorganic materials are frequently used for the development of drug delivery systems. Considering factors such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, solvent-free processing and availability from renewable resources, natural and semi-synthetic polymers are often advantageous compared to synthetic alternatives. On the other hand, material heterogeneity and purity of natural materials are concerns that need to be addressed. In this review, authors focus on frequently used biopolymers such as polysaccharides like chitosan and hyaluronan and proteins like silk fibroin (SF) and collagen and their semi-synthetic derivatives. Special emphasis will be put on material properties of such polymers rendering them suitable for drug delivery purposes and allow tight control to assure product quality and proper release characteristics. Natural polymers are frequently synthetically modified to alter or improve their characteristics. Such semi-synthetic derivatives and their advantages and disadvantages are critically discussed. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of natural materials and their derivatives is discussed.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift