2023, Lenze, Lars, Klostermann, Claudia, Schmid, Julia, Lamprecht, Markus, Nagel, Siegfried

AbstractConsidering the positive health effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), youth is an important life stage to promote lifelong LTPA. However, the stability of LTPA over the life course is low, and specific predictors of LTPA in youth for lifelong activity have some shortcomings, e.g. neglecting the interacting factors of LTPA within individuals. Therefore, from a person-oriented approach, patterns of LTPA behaviour in youth considering time- and context-related aspects and their relationships with lifelong LTPA were investigated. Life course data from n = 1519 Swiss inhabitants aged between 25 and 76 years were recorded retrospectively using a validated questionnaire (CATI method). Latent profile analyses were used to find the optimal profile solution and for the association with lifelong LTPA auxiliary conditional effect models (controlled for age) were applied. Six distinct patterns emerged. Overall, mostly inactive youth are also the least active in adulthood, whereas several other patterns are associated with a mainly continuous LTPA throughout adulthood. More precisely, multiple constellations in youth occurred to be physically active in at least 80% of the years in adulthood: (1) early starters regarding LTPA in a rather self-organised setting but not with many different LTPAs; (2) late entrants with a variety of different activities and organisational settings; or (3) a high expression in every variable investigated. Consequently, there is not just one type of LTPA behaviour in youth linked to lifelong activity, which indicates that certain aspects of LTPA in youth can be compensated by each other. Implications for LTPA promotion can be derived.

2020, Klostermann, Claudia, Lamprecht, Markus, Stamm, Hanspeter, Nagel, Siegfried, Scheerder, Jeroen, Vehmas, Hanna, Helsen, Kobe

Private fitness companies have become relevant players in the sports market alongside traditional sports clubs in Switzerland. This chapter gives an overview on the current situation of the fitness sector and its development during the past years. There are about 1,000 fitness facilities in Switzerland, which are mainly owned by market actors but also by sports clubs. On the individual level, the data shows that being fit is an important motive for regular sport activities and about 20 percent of the population explicitly practise so called fitness activities or training. This figure has considerably grown since 2008 and the clear majority of fitness participants use private fitness and sports centres. Furthermore, fitness training is more popular in younger age groups.

2018, Hayoz, Christelle, Klostermann, Claudia, Schlesinger, Torsten, Nagel, Siegfried

In recent years, adolescent sports and physical activity have become a multifaceted culture. Different patterns of sports and physical activities are assumed to be based on different subjective action orientations. This paper aims to examine the variations in sports and physical activity among youths and young adolescents based on the sports models proposed by Heinemann (Citation2007) and the attributed action orientations based on Weber (Citation2002). In a qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Swiss participants aged from 16 to 24 years to explore their sports and physical activities as well as their subjective attributed action orientations. The interviews were analyzed using the documentary method. The results of the present study demonstrate that ‘real types’ of sports models can be identified empirically in substantial accordance with the ‘ideal types’ of sports models proposed by Heinemann (Citation2007). Four overarching types of orientation patterns emerged: (1) a value-rational orientation pattern with high importance of performance and competition; (2) a value-rational orientation pattern with high importance of autonomy and flexibility; (3) a purpose-rational orientation to achieve ideals of body, beauty, and slenderness; and (4) a purpose-rational orientation to achieve well-being.

2012, Klostermann, Claudia, Nagel, Siegfried

Sport has become a highly differentiated social phenomenon in recent years. Changes in society, such as individualization, the growing significance of the health and body culture, and changing values, are considered to be generative mechanisms for increasing social importance and the differentiation of modern sport. Although discussions in sport sociology attribute the changes observed in recent decades of sport participation to a socially determined differentiation of sport, this premise has hardly ever been empirically tested. The present study examines to what extent the postulated developments in sport can be observed on the micro level of those engaging in sport, by examining sport behaviour from a contemporary historical perspective. Based on a life-course approach to research, a total of 1739 over 50-year-olds in Germany were asked about their sport participation as part of a retrospective longitudinal study. Results show that the increasing differentiation of sport can be documented by more diversified forms of individual sport careers. During a 30-year observation period the popularity of competitive sport decreased and the variety of ways in which sport was organized increased. A differentiated analysis based on examining three birth cohorts showed that the reported change in sport participation can be attributed to age, cohort and period effects. In addition, the present study examines how specific events in contemporary history are reflected in individual sporting careers. Sport careers in Chemnitz (Eastern Germany) and Braunschweig (Western Germany) differed before German reunification, but these differences have evened out after the political changes and the process of transformation.

2022, Klostermann, Claudia, Nagel, Siegfried

2019, Klostermann, Claudia, Nagel, Siegfried, Hayoz, Christelle, Schlesinger, Torsten

Erklärungen zu Unterschieden in der Sportpartizipation verweisen vielfach auf den Faktor Migrationshintergrund und daraus resultierende Benachteiligungen, ohne die dahinterliegenden Mechanismen genauer zu beleuchten. Die folgende Studie verfolgt das Ziel, eine differenziertere Prüfung vorzunehmen, inwiefern Personen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund in der Schweiz unterschiedliche sportbezogene Einstellungen und Deutungsmuster aufweisen, welche wiederum für die Partizipation am Sport von Bedeutung sind. Datengrundlage der empirischen Analyse bildet eine Querschnittserhebung von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in ausgewählten deutsch- und französischsprachigen Kantonen der Schweiz (n = 4039). Fehlende Werte wurden mittels multivariater Imputation ersetzt. Deskriptive Befunde bestätigen zunächst migrationsspezifische Unterschiede in der Sportpartizipation. Multivariate logistische Regressionsanalysen zwischen Personen mit und Migrationshintergrund zeigen, dass der reine Effekt des Migrationsstatutes etwas gedämpft wird, wenn Variablen zu sportbezogenen Einstellungen und Deutungsmustern einbezogen werden. Betrachtet man die Einflüsse innerhalb der beiden Gruppen, so zeigt sich, dass die meisten signifikanten Prädiktoren in die gleichen Richtungen weisen und damit die theoretischen Mechanismen in den gruppenspezifischen Kontexten ähnlich wirken.

2018, Schlesinger, Torsten, Klostermann, Claudia, Hayoz, Christelle, Nagel, Siegfried, Schneider, André, Köhler, Julia, Schumann, Frank

2021, Lenze, Lars, Klostermann, Claudia, Lamprecht, Markus, Nagel, Siegfried

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with various health-promoting effects. However, little is known about the relationship between life events and changes in LTPA over the life course, especially when multiple life events occur simultaneously. Therefore, this study examines taking up and terminating LTPA associated with life events in the familial and occupational life domains over 16 years of 16–76-year-old Swiss inhabitants (n = 1857) in a retrospective longitudinal cohort design, using a validated telephone survey and multilevel discrete-time event-history analyses. The results show that taking up LTPA was more likely when ending a relationship and retiring and less likely when becoming a parent; terminating LTPA was more likely when ending a job, starting vocational training after 30 years, a relationship ended for men, and becoming a mother with increasing age. If experiencing multiple life events simultaneously, the greater the number of life events, the more likely persons aged 45–70 years were to take up LTPA and, conversely, the more likely persons aged 15–44 years to terminate LTPA. The relationship between life events and changes in LTPA over the life course was often age dependent, especially when experiencing multiple life events simultaneously. The findings should be considered when promoting LTPA.

2019, Hayoz, Christelle, Klostermann, Claudia, Schmid, Jürg, Schlesinger, Torsten, Nagel, Siegfried

The intergenerational transfer of a sports-related lifestyle within the family is a potential way to explain the social differences in sports participation that are displayed by young people. In this article, the importance of a sports-related lifestyle within the family, as well as parents’ educational background and sports participation in childhood, in the sports participation of adolescents and young adults is examined from the perspective of socialisation theory. Structural equation modelling was used to demonstrate that all of the examined predictors have significant positive effects on the current sports participation of individuals between the ages of 15 and 30 years (N = 4028; M = 21.48; SD = 4.64). The most pronounced effect on sports participation was observed for a sports-related lifestyle in the family.

2016, Hayoz, Christelle, Klostermann, Claudia, Schlesinger, Torsten, Nagel, Siegfried

Für das Sportengagement Jugendlicher sind große inter-individuelle Unterschiede sowie hohe Ausstiegsraten kennzeichnend. Ein möglicher Erklärungsansatz stellt aus einer sozialisationstheoretischen Perspektive die transgenerationale Vermittlung des Sportverhaltens und damit verbundener Handlungsorientierungen in der Familie dar. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, welche Rolle die sportbezogenen Orientierungs- und Verhaltensmuster im Familienalltag für das Sportengagement Jugendlicher spielen. Mittels Methodentriangulation zwischen hierarchischer Regression und qualitativen Interviews konnte für Jugendliche im Alter von 15 bis 20 Jahren (N = 1909; M = 17.3; SD = 1.7) die Bedeutung des Stellenwerts des Sports, der regelmäßigen Sportaktivität in der Familie, der sozialen Unterstützung, des sportbezogenen Gesundheitsbewusstseins sowie der Kommunikation über Sport in der Familie für das individuelle Sportengagement Jugendlicher aufgezeigt werden.