Temporal and spatial variation of the chemical composition of PM10 at urban and rural sites in the Basel area, Switzerland
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Author (Corporation)
Publication date
2001
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Type
01A - Journal article
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Parent work
Atmospheric Environment
Special issue
DOI of the original publication
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Series
Series number
Volume
35
Issue / Number
21
Pages / Duration
3701-3713
Patent number
Publisher / Publishing institution
Elsevier
Place of publication / Event location
Amsterdam
Edition
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Programming language
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Practice partner / Client
Abstract
Particulate matter measurements of di!erent size fractions (PM , PM , TSP) were performed in the Basel area (Switzerland) at seven urban sites throughout 1997 and at two urban and two rural sites during the following year (April 1998 May 1999). Based on a sample of "lters which was chemically analyzed, we investigated the chemical composition of PM both within the city of Basel and among urban and rural sites. The temporal and spatial variability of the chemical composition of PM was evaluated taking into account additional data frommeteorology and further air pollutants. The chemical analyses of PM showed that carbonaceous substances (elemental carbon, organic matter) and inorganic substances of secondary origin such as sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were the most abundant component of PM in the Basel area (approximately 60}70%). Di!erence in the PM concentration between urban and rural sites was larger during the cold season than during the warmseason. This was mainly due to the presence of an inversion layer between the city and the more elevated rural sites resulting in higher concentrations of nitrate, ammonium and organic matter in the city during the cold season. The higher PM concentration on workdays compared to weekends was mostly a result of the temporal variation of the concentration of Ca, elemental carbon, Ti, Mn, and Fe, indicating that these compounds are for the most part caused by regional human activities. Although total PM mass concentration was found to be in general uniformly distributed within the city of Basel, the chemical composition was more variable due to specific sources like road trafic and other anthropogenic emissions.
Keywords
Elemental analysis, Emission source, Road traffic, Road dust, Bonfire
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ISBN
ISSN
1352-2310
1878-2442
1878-2442
Language
English
Created during FHNW affiliation
No
Strategic action fields FHNW
Publication status
Published
Review
Peer review of the complete publication
Open access category
Closed
License
Citation
Röösli, M., Theis, G., Künzli, N., Staehelin, J., Mathys, P., Bayer-Oglesby, L., Camenzind, M., & Braun-Fahrländer, C. (2001). Temporal and spatial variation of the chemical composition of PM10 at urban and rural sites in the Basel area, Switzerland. Atmospheric Environment, 35(21), 3701–3713. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00511-2