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Ergebnisse nach Hochschule und Institut
Publikation Assessing microbial water quality. Users' perceptions and system functionality following a combined water safety intervention in rural Nepal(Frontiers, 15.02.2022) Bänziger, Carola; Schertenleib, Ariane; Kunwar, Bal Mukunda; Bhatta, Madan; Marks, SaraRisk-based water safety interventions are one approach to improve drinking water quality and consequently reduce the number of people consuming faecally contaminated water. Despite broad acceptance of water safety planning approaches globally, there is a lack of evidence of their effectiveness for community-managed piped water supplies in rural areas of developing countries. Our research, in the form of a cluster-based controlled pre-post intervention analysis, investigated the impact of a combined water safety intervention on outcomes of microbial water quality, users' perceptions and piped system functionality in rural Nepal. The study enrolled 21 treatment systems and 12 control systems across five districts of the Karnali and Sudurpaschim provinces. Treatment group interventions included field laboratories for microbial analysis, regular monitoring of water quality including sanitary inspections, targeted treatment and infrastructure improvements, household hygiene and water filter promotion, and community training.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Surface water treatment by UV/H2O2 with subsequent soil aquifer treatment. Impact on micropollutants, dissolved organic matter and biological activity(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019) Wünsch, Robin; Plattner, Julia; Cayon, David; Eugster, Fabienne; Gebhardt, Jens; Wülser, Richard; von Gunten, Urs; Wintgens, ThomasBecause organic micropollutants (MP) are frequently detected in river waters that are used as drinking water sources, combining a relatively cost-efficient natural treatment with upstream advanced oxidation processes (AOP) appears promising for their efficient abatement. Such a multi-barrier system can be integrated in drinking water production schemes to minimize risks from potentially hazardous MPs. This study investigates the impact of an UV/H2O2 AOP before soil aquifer treatment (SAT) on the abatement of selected MPs (EDTA, acesulfame, iopamidol, iomeprol, metformin, 1H-benzotriazole, iopromide), dissolved organic matter (DOM) (apparent molecular size distribution, specific UV absorbance at 254 nm – SUVA) and microbial parameters (intact cell count, cell-bound ATP). A pilot plant consisting of an AOP (0.5 m3 h−1, 4 mg L−1 H2O2, 6000 J m−2) and two parallel soil columns (filtration velocity: 1 m d−1, column height: 1 m) was continuously operated over a period of 15 months with Rhine river water pre-treated with rapid sand filtration. The investigations revealed a shift towards longer retention times of the humic substances peak in LC analysis of DOM, lower SUVA and higher biodegradability of DOM after UV/H2O2 treatment. In addition, an overall higher abatement of all investigated MPs by the combined treatment was observed (AOP with subsequent SAT) compared to either process alone. This observation could be explained by an addition of the single treatment effects. The strong primary disinfection effect of the AOP was detectable along the first meter of infiltration, but did not lead to any change in the column performance (i.e., similar abatement of dissolved organic matter).01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Access to water and sanitation infrastructures for primary schoolchildren in the south-central part of Côte d’Ivoire(MDPI, 23.08.2021) Kouame, Parfait; Galli, Anais; Peter, Maryna; Loss, Georg; Wassa, Diriassouba; Bonfoh, Bassirou; Utzinger, Jürg; Winkler, MirkoIn rural settings of Côte d’Ivoire, access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) at schools is often lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the availability, quality, and use of WASH infrastructure in schools in the south-central part of Côte d’Ivoire, and to determine the hygiene practices of schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 primary schools with (n = 10) or without (n = 10) direct access to drinking water. The survey was comprised of a questionnaire directed at schoolchildren aged 8–17 years, an assessment of the WASH infrastructure, and the testing of drinking water samples for Escherichia coli and total coliforms. Overall, 771 schoolchildren were enrolled in the study. One out of four children (24.9%) reported that they used available toilets. Among those children not using toilets, more than half (57.5%) reported that they practised open defecation. Drinking water infrastructure was limited in most schools because of poor storage tanks, the low flow of water, or broken wells. All drinking water samples (n = 18) tested positive for total coliforms and 15 (83.3%) tested positive for E. coli. The lack of WASH infrastructures in primary schools in the south-central part of Côte d’Ivoire, in combination with poor hygiene practices, might govern disease transmission and absenteeism at school, especially among females.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift