Institut für Marktangebote und Konsumentscheidungen

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2. Begleitgruppentreffen: Forschungsprojekt «Intervention zur Risikoreduktion der multiplen antimikrobiellen Übertragungswege»
(11.12.2019) Freivogel, Claudia; Lechner, Isabel; Visschers, Vivianne
06 - Präsentation
A comparison of pig farmers' and veterinarians' perceptions and intentions to reduce antimicrobial usage in six European countries
(Wiley, 2016) Visschers, Vivianne; Backhans, Annette; Collineau, Lucie; Loesken, Svenja; Nielsen, Elisabeth; Postma, Merel; Belloc, Catherine; Dewulf, Jeroen; Emanuelson, Ulf; Grosse Beilage, Elisabeth; Siegrist, Michael; Sjölund, Marie; Stärk, Katherina
Antimicrobial (AM) resistance is an increasing problem in human and veterinary medicine. To manage this problem, the usage of AM should be reduced in pig farming, as well as in other areas. It is important to investigate the factors that influence both pig farmers' and veterinarians' intentions to reduce AM usage, which is a prerequisite for developing intervention measures. We conducted a mail survey among pig farmers (N = 1,294) and an online survey among veterinarians (N = 334) in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. The farmers' survey assessed the perceived risks and benefits of and need for AM usage; the intention to reduce AM usage; farmers' efficacy (i.e. perception of their ability to reduce AM usage); support from their veterinarian; and the future reduction potential of AM usage. Additionally, self-reported reduction behaviours, the perceived farmers' barriers to reduce AM usage and relationships with farmers were assessed in the veterinarians' survey. The results showed that farmers and veterinarians had similar perceptions of the risks and benefits of AM usage. Veterinarians appeared to be more optimistic than pig farmers about reducing AM usage in pig farming. Farmers believed that their efficacy over AM reduction was relatively high. Farmers' intention to reduce AM usage and veterinarians' self-reported reduction behaviours were mainly associated with factors concerning the feasibility of reducing AM usage. To promote prudent AM usage, pig farmers should learn and experience how to reduce usage by applying alternative measures, whereas veterinarians should strengthen their advisory role and competencies to support and educate farmers.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
A new epistemic community in nuclear waste governance? Theoretical reflections and empirical observations on some fundamental challenges
(Intellect, 2010) Stauffacher, Michael; Moser, Corinne
Discourses around nuclear waste were, for decades, dominated by techn(ocrat)ic debates. The respective international group of experts can be understood as an epistemic community (Haas 1992), as this community impacts on the way an issue is perceived and discussed. Yet, nuclear waste is not only a technical, but also a so-called socio-technical problem, and hence the discourses have been broadened. Lately, risk communication has become ubiquitous in discussions on the siting of nuclear waste across the globe. Lay knowledge, risk perception, involvement and procedural justice are some of the terms used and negotiated here. Thus, the question can be posed as to whether this trend will lead to the development of a new epistemic community that also includes experts on social scientific aspects. Using a set of different sources, we demonstrate potential difficulties in the mutual understanding of interdisciplinary teams in nuclear waste governance. We conclude by arguing that epistemological differences and structural challenges are so fundamental that it is unlikely that a new epistemic community will be able to develop.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Addressing climate change: Determinants of consumers' willingness to act and to support policy measures
(Elsevier, 09/2012) Tobler, Christina; Visschers, Vivianne; Siegrist, Michael
Consumers influence climate change through their consumption patterns and their support or dismissal of climate mitigation policy measures. Both climate-friendly actions and policy support comprise a broad range of options, which vary in manifold ways and, therefore, might be influenced by different factors. The aims of the study were, therefore, two-fold: first, we intended to find a meaningful way to classify different ways of addressing climate change. Second, we aimed to examine which determinants influence people's willingness to engage in these behaviors. We conducted a large-scale mail survey in Switzerland in which respondents rated, among other items, their willingness to act or support a range of possible actions and mitigations measures. A principal component analysis indicated that a distinction in terms of a behavior's directness as well as a differentiation according to perceived costs seem to be appropriate to classify climate-friendly actions. Multiple regression analyses showed that perceived costs and perceived climate benefit turned out to be the strongest predictors for willingness to act or to support climate policy measures. The strong influence of perceived climate benefit might reflect a strategy of reducing cognitive dissonance. As high-cost behaviors are more difficult to adopt, consumers may reduce dissonance by dismissing high-cost behaviors as not effective in terms of climate mitigation. Political affiliation proved to be another strong determinant of willingness to act or support. Participants on the right wing were less willing to show indirect climate-friendly behaviors, change their mobility behaviors, and to support any type of climate mitigation policy measures. Climate-friendly low-cost behaviors, however, were not influenced by political affiliation.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Advances in understanding energy consumption behavior and the governance of its change – outline of an integrated framework
(Frontiers Research Foundation, 15.06.2015) Burger, Paul; Bezençon, Valéry; Bornemann, Basil; Brosch, Tobias; Carabias-Hütter, Vicente; Farsi, Mehdi; Hille, Stefanie Lena; Moser, Corinne; Ramseier, Céline; Samuel, Robin; Sander, David; Schmidt, Stephan; Sohre, Annika; Volland, Benjamin
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Affect or information? Examining drivers of public preferences of future energy portfolios in Switzerland
(Elsevier, 2019) Jobin, Marilou; Visschers, Vivianne; Arvai, Joseph; Siegrist, Michael
The energy transition in Switzerland, as in many other countries, aims to increase the proportion of electricity produced using renewable energy technologies. In this context, governmental agencies and other institutions have attempted to communicate the implications of (domestic) electricity systems through the use of web-based and interactive decision support systems (DSSs). Studies show that, when no additional information is provided, preferences concerning the future electricity mix are mainly driven by the affective reactions that energy technologies evoke. A question remains, however, regarding how people engage with the information provided in a DSS, as well as whether such information is influential in terms of shaping people’s choices. We asked our participants to build an electricity portfolio using a DSS, which modeled the Swiss electricity system. The participants’ political orientation and their affective reactions to different energy technologies guided their information search, as well as the choice of energy technologies within their portfolio. The attention paid to the information provided was not directly related to the participants’ portfolio choices. The selective processing of information, which was based on the participants’ prior attitudes, suggests that they target information they are already familiar with in the DSS. However, this also illustrates a caveat previously identified in motivated political reasoning, since selective information processing, together with the tendency to disconfirm information that is incongruent with prior beliefs, can lead to the polarization of previously held views. As the information provided through the DSS we tested was unable to change the participants’ affective-cognitive evaluation of energy technologies, its use should be carefully considered in light of the possible effects of consolidating existing beliefs.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Aggressives Verhalten von Kindern und Interventionen auf der elterlichen Paarebene
(Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015) Lux, Ulrike; Hudecek, Matthias
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Algorithmic Nudging for Sustainability in E-Commerce: Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda
(06.06.2022) Wozniak, Thomas; Stieger, Mirjam; Schaffner, Dorothea; Schu, Matthias; Lu, Guang
04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
Alles prima mit dem Klima? Input aus der Verhaltensforschung
(02/2019) Moser, Corinne
06 - Präsentation
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in food: Which behaviour change strategies increase consumers’ risk awareness and preventive food-handling behaviour?
(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Freivogel, Claudia; Visschers, Vivianne
Objectives We aimed to identify the potential of behaviour change strategies to effectively increase consumers? risk awareness, behavioural intention, and preventive food-handling behaviour to reduce the transmission risk of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through food. The applied strategies targeted knowledge and determinants of the health action process approach (HAPA). We tested techniques that are expected to increase knowledge, risk perception, and positive outcome expectancy (Study 1) as well as those that increase planning and coping self-efficacy (Study 2) in two randomised control trials.Methods In Study 1 (N?=?328), a 2x2 between-subject design was employed to investigate the effects of an educational video about the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and a personalised risk message on knowledge, risk perception, outcome expectancy and consequently on intention regarding safe food-handling behaviour. In Study 2 (N=129), we used a 2x2 design to examine to what extent goal setting (implemented vs. not implemented) and time (pre- vs. post-test) affected planning, coping self-efficacy, and preventive food-handling behaviour.Results In Study 1, we found that the video increased knowledge and the perceived susceptibility of risk compared to the control video. We found no increase on the dependent variables after receiving the personalised risk message. In Study 2, goal setting significantly improved safe food-handling behaviour compared to the control condition. Moreover, participants in the goal-setting condition showed more planning of safe food-handling measures and of dealing with emerging barriers than participants in the control condition.Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the delivery of an educational video on the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is a useful strategy to increase risk awareness, whereas goal setting presents a promising approach to improve food-handling behaviour. Following the HAPA, an additional effective behaviour change technique is required that decreases negative outcome expectancies and improves coping self-efficacy, thereby further improving intention and behaviour.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Application of multiblock modelling to identify key drivers for antimicrobial use in pig production in four European countries
(Cambridge University Press, 2018) Backhans, Annette; Dewulf, Jeroen; Emanuelson, Ulf; Grosse Beilage, Elisabeth; Loesken, Svenja; Postma, Merel; Sjölund, Marie; Stärk, Katherina; Visschers, Vivianne; Belloc, Catherine; Collineau, Lucie; Bougeard, Stéphanie; Lehébel, Anne
Antimicrobial use in pig farming is influenced by a range of risk factors, including herd characteristics, biosecurity level, farm performance, occurrence of clinical signs and vaccination scheme, as well as farmers’ attitudes and habits towards antimicrobial use. So far, the effect of these risk factors has been explored separately. Using an innovative method called multiblock partial least-squares regression, this study aimed to investigate, in a sample of 207 farrow-to-finish farms from Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden, the relative importance of the six above mentioned categories or ‘blocks’ of risk factors for antimicrobial use in pig production. Four country separate models were developed; they showed that all six blocks provided useful contribution to explaining antimicrobial use in at least one country. The occurrence of clinical signs, especially of respiratory and nervous diseases in fatteners, was one of the largest contributing blocks in all four countries, whereas the effect of the other blocks differed between countries. In terms of risk management, it suggests that a holistic and country-specific mitigation strategy is likely to be more effective. However, further research is needed to validate our findings in larger and more representative samples, as well as in other countries.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Applying the evaluability principle to nutrition table information. How reference information changes people's perception of food products
(Elsevier, 2009) Visschers, Vivianne; Siegrist, Michael
Consumers often neglect or misinterpret nutrition table information. We argue in this paper that this can be explained by the evaluability principle, which posits that people's evaluation of a product corresponds to a greater degree with the product's actual value when people receive reference information about the product than when they do not get this information. We tested this assumption concerning nutrition table information in two studies. In Study 1, respondents received one of six nutrition tables that differed on reference and summary information about either yogurt or chocolate. In the second study, we compared three nutrition tables from the previous study, as applied to either a low nutritional value yogurt or a high nutritional value yogurt. Participants were asked to rate the attractiveness and perceived healthiness of the product in both studies. Results indicated that reference information can change people's product perception. This seems to depend, however, on the product's nutritional value and on people's primary connotation for the product. In sum, the evaluability principle can explain people's perception of a food product. A nutrition table that is adapted to this principle appears to influence people's product perception so that it becomes more in line with its nutritional value. Implications for practice and further research are given.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Assessing difficulties in career decision making among Swiss adolescents with the German My Vocational Situation Scale
(Hogrefe, 2013) Hirschi, Andreas; Herrmann, Anne
Assessing problems in career decision making among adolescents is important for career guidance and research. The present study is the first to investigate among Swiss adolescents the factor structure and convergent validity in relation to personality of the German-language adaptation of the My Vocational Situation Scale. Two preliminary studies (N = 217) suggested that using a 5-point Likert scale response format would increase scale reliability. The confirmatory factor analyses in the main study with two cohorts (n = 341, eighth grade; n = 303, eleventh grade) confirmed that four main factors, which assess problems with identity, decision making, information, and perceived barriers, underlie the data. The barriers factor was differentiated into aspired vocation and personal situation. Construct validity was supported by significant relationships between favorable personality characteristics (emotional stability, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, generalized self-efficacy, and internal locus of control) and fewer problems. The results suggest that the vocational identity and barriers scales can be fruitfully applied to research on and the practice of career counseling with adolescents.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Auf dem Land mit on-Demand. Erfolgsfaktoren eines innovativen Mobilitätsangebotes
(01.06.2023) Stefanelli, Annalisa; Gantenbein, Somara; Schaffner, Dorothea
06 - Präsentation
Auf dem Land mit On-Demand. Innovative Mobilitätsangebote in peripheren Gebieten
(12.09.2023) Stefanelli, Annalisa; Schaffner, Dorothea
06 - Präsentation
Aufbruch im Untergrund. Szenarien erfolgreicher Zusammenarbeit im Tiefbau
(GDI Gottlieb Duttweiler Institute, 2013) Hauser, Mirjam; Tenger, Daniela
05 - Forschungs- oder Arbeitsbericht
Aufrechterhaltung eines gesunden Lebensstils
(Springer, 03/2023) Schäfer, Adrienne; Schaffner, Dorothea; von dem Berge, Karina; Studer, Nora; van der Heiden, Nico; Zimmermann, Anja
Mit einer nachhaltigen Lebensstilveränderung, die auf ausreichend Bewegung und ausgewogener Ernährung basiert, können viele chronische Krankheiten (Übergewicht, Bluthochdruck, Diabetes, metabolisches Syndrom) gelindert, geheilt oder deren Ausbruch verhindert werden. Betroffenen fällt es schwer, den Lebensstil dauerhaft umzustellen. Häufig sind Interventionsprogramme nicht auf eine nachhaltige Verhaltensänderung ausgerichtet und berücksichtigen die motivationalen Faktoren der Individuen zu wenig. Betroffene fallen daher nach einiger Zeit in alte Muster zurück. Das angewandte Forschungsprojekt „Nachhaltiger Lifestyle Change“, das in diesem Buch behandelt wird, beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie das „Dranbleiben“ an einem gesunden Lebensstil aus Sicht der Motivationspsychologie und der Dienstleistungsorientierung unterstützt werden kann.
02 - Monographie
Autonomes Fahren im Live-Test. In Regensburg bringt der People Mover Fahrgäste von A nach B
(TRIO Hochschulverbund Transfer und Innovation Ostbayern, 2021) Hudecek, Matthias; Fischer, Peter; Krakowitzer, Marco
01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder Zeitung
Beruf aus Berufung? – Ein Überblick über die Forschung
(Deutscher Psychologen Verlag, 2012) Hirschi, Andreas; Herrmann, Anne
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Calling and career preparation: investigating developmental patterns and temporal precedence
(Elsevier, 13.03.2013) Hirschi, Andreas; Herrmann, Anne
The presence of a calling and career development are assumed to be closely related. However, the nature of and reason for this relationship have not been thoroughly investigated. We hypothesized the existence of reciprocal effects between calling and three dimensions of career preparation and assessed the change of the presence of a calling, career planning, decidedness, and self-efficacy with three waves of a diverse sample of German university students (N = 846) over one year. Latent growth analyses revealed that the intercepts of calling showed a significant positive correlation with the intercepts of all career preparation measures. The slope of calling was positively related to those of decidedness and self-efficacy but not to planning. Cross-lagged analyses showed that calling predicted a subsequent increase in planning and self-efficacy. Planning and decidedness predicted an increase in the presence of a calling. The results suggest that calling and career preparation are related due to mutual effects but that effects differ for different career preparation dimensions.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift