Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie FHNW
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Publikation Knowledge, social influences, perceived risks and benefits, and cultural values explain the public's decisions related to prudent antibiotic use(Wiley, 2022) Visschers, Vivianne; Feck, Vanessa; Herrmann, AnnePeople should use antibiotics (AB) prudently to mitigate antibiotic resistance (ABR). Previous studies—and, subsequently, interventions—on ABR have focused mainly on improving public awareness and knowledge. We investigated a comprehensive theory-based explanatory model to understand the public's decision making regarding prudent AB use, based on, among others, the theory of planned behavior. In a cross-sectional online survey, the psychological determinants of people's decisions about prudent AB use were examined in a sample of 1,228 Swiss adults. The questionnaire assessed respondents’ demand for AB, willingness to adopt measures that prevent the need for AB, perceived risks of ABR, perceived benefits of AB, attitudes and social influences regarding AB, knowledge of AB and ABR, and cultural values. Mokken scale analysis revealed three types of knowledge: knowledge of the functioning of AB, of ABR, and of preventive measures. Structural equation modeling indicated that respondents’ demand for AB was mostly predicted by social influences, perceived benefits of AB, and knowledge of AB functioning. Willingness to prevent AB use was mainly related to conservative values, perceived risks of ABR, negative attitudes toward AB, and knowledge of preventive measures. Our study suggests that the provision of information about AB and preventive measures is a first step toward changing people's decisions related to prudent AB use. Future interventions that additionally utilize cultural values to convey important messages and target additional factors, such as social influences, the risks of ABR, and the benefits of cautious AB use, can be more successful in promoting prudent AB use.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Wie nehmen Konsumenten Antibiotika, Antibiotikaresistenzen und Antibiotikaverbrauch wahr?(06/2018) Visschers, Vivianne; Feck, Vanessa; Herrmann, Anne06 - PräsentationPublikation Development of targeted communication strategies to promote prudent antibiotic usage: needs assessment among the public(23.08.2018) Feck, Vanessa; Visschers, Vivianne; Herrmann, AnneBackground: Public behaviour is a crucial factor to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. A better understanding of the public‘s attitudes, knowledge and beliefs regarding antibiotics and antibiotic resistance is required to recommend effective communication strategies to promote a more prudent antibiotic usage as well as the adoption of measures to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria. Method: An online survey was conducted among the Swiss population (N = 1,260). We applied cluster analysis to identify segments based on the respondents‘ demand for and perception of antibiotics. Through multiple ANOVAs, segments were compared on their demographic characteristics, knowledge, as well as on their cultural values and other variables, such as perceived responsibility. Findings: Four segments were identified. They differed significantly on all perception variables and their demand for antibiotics (Fs > 58, ps < .001, ηp2s > .13): (1) Experienced Sceptics reported a low demand and usage of antibiotics, were aware of the risks and had more experience with antibiotic resistance. (2) Knowledgeable Undifferentiated had lots of knowledge about antibiotics, antibiotic resistance and preventive measures but were neither very concerned about antibiotic resistance nor did they perceive many benefits in using antibiotics. (3) Young Unwilling showed little willingness to adopt preventive measures, were younger and rather uncritical regarding antibiotics. (4) Self-Serving Users reported a high demand and usage of antibiotics, perceived a rather low responsibility and held strong egoistic values. Discussion: To promote prudent antibiotic usage, recommendations for communication strategies were developed targeting the different segments‘ needs.06 - PräsentationPublikation “Contradictio in opinionibus”: The Swiss public’s attitudes and beliefs about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance(18.06.2018) Visschers, Vivianne; Feck, Vanessa; Herrmann, AnneOne of the actors involved in the growing risk of antibiotic resistance is the general public. Its perceptions and decisions (i.e., its mental models) regarding antibiotics and antibiotic resistance determine how much antibiotics are used and how willing people are to adopt measures to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria. For the development of intervention strategies and materials that promote the prudent use of antibiotics and the adoption of preventive measures, we thus need to understand the public’s mental models of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. We conducted an interview study (N = 10) and an online survey (N = 1,260) to investigate the Swiss public’s attitudes, beliefs, knowledge and perceived social influences regarding antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Moreover, using the survey data, we examined how these concepts—in addition to people’s demographic characteristics, experiences with antibiotics and cultural values—relate to their request for antibiotics and their willingness to adopt preventive measures against antibiotic resistance. In both studies, respondents held contradicting opinions (i.e., beliefs and attitudes) about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. The same individuals, for example, correctly knew that bacteria became resistant against antibiotics and, at the same time, incorrectly believed that their own body became resistant. The survey data additionally showed that respondents’ contradicting attitudes and beliefs affected their request for antibiotics. Respondents’ request for antibiotics was mostly predicted by egoistic values, knowledge about antibiotics and the perceived benefits of antibiotics. Alternatively, their willingness to adopt preventive measures was mainly related to traditional values and biospheric values, their knowledge about preventive measures as well as their perceived risks of antibiotics and of antibiotic resistance. Stronger perceived norms in respondents’ social environment regarding prudent antibiotic usage were related to both a lower request for antibiotics and a higher willingness to adopt preventive measures. In sum, different psychological factors need to be addressed in an intervention to promote both a more prudent antibiotic usage and the adoption of preventive measures among the general public. We will particularly discuss how opposing attitudes and beliefs can be addressed in such intervention materials.06 - PräsentationPublikation Wie nehmen Konsumenten und Konsumentinnen Antibiotika, Antibiotikaresistenzen und Antibiotikaverbrauch wahr? Schlussbericht einer qualitativen und einer quantitativen Studie im Auftrag des Bundesamtes für Gesundheit BAG(23.02.2018) Visschers, Vivianne; Feck, Vanessa; Herrmann, AnneIm Rahmen der Umsetzung der nationalen Strategie gegen Antibiotikaresistenzen (StAR, der Bundesrat, 2015) soll die Schweizer Bevölkerung für einen sorgfältigeren Umgang mit Antibiotika und die möglichen Präventionsmassnahmen gegen Antibiotikaresistenzen (z.B. persönliche Hygiene) sensibilisiert werden. Für die Entwicklung effektiver Informations- und Aufklärungsmaterialien zu diesen Themen ist es wichtig, die Einstellungen und Vorstellungen sowie das Wissen und die Entscheidungen der Bevölkerung in Bezug auf Antibiotika und Antibiotikaresistenzen zu verstehen . Das Forschungsprojekt hatte zwei Ziele. Erstens wurden die mentalen Modelle der Schweizer Bevölkerung bezüglich Antibiotika und Antibiotikaresistenzen aufgezeigt, d.h. ihre Einstellungen, Vorstellungen und ihr Wissen zu diesen Themen sowie ihre Entscheidungen, wie z.B. der Wunsch nach Antibiotika und die Bereitschaft, Präventionsmassnahmen zu ergreifen. Zusätzlich wurde untersucht, ob innerhalb der Bevölkerung Segmente identifiziert werden können, die sich in ihren mentalen Modellen voneinander unterscheiden. Zweitens wurden die Zusammenhänge quantifiziert zwischen Einstellungen, Vorstellungen und Wissen der Bevölkerung hinsichtlich Antibiotika und Antibiotikaresistenzen einerseits, und dem Wunsch nach Antibiotika für sich selbst, seine Kinder oder Haustiere sowie der Bereitschaft, Präventionsmassnahmen zu ergreifen, andererseits. Diese Quantifizierung gab Aufschluss darüber, welche psychosozialen Faktoren zu berücksichtigen sind, um den Wunsch nach Antibiotika, sowie die Bereitschaft, Präventionsmassnahmen zu ergreifen, zu beeinflussen. Das Forschungsprojekt bestand aus einer qualitativen Interviewstudie und einer quantitativen Online-Befragung in der deutsch- und französischsprachigen Schweiz.05 - Forschungs- oder Arbeitsbericht