Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie FHNW

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  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    Benefits of decision support systems in relation to task difficulty in airport security X-ray screening
    (Taylor & Francis, 15.08.2022) Hügli, David; Merks, Sarah; Schwaninger, Adrian
    Automated explosive detection systems for cabin baggage screening (EDSCB) highlight areas in X-ray images of passenger bags that could contain explosive material. Several countries have implemented EDSCB so that passengers can leave personal electronic devices in their cabin bag- gage. This increases checkpoint efficiency, but also task difficulty for screeners. We used this case to investigate whether the benefits of decision support systems depend on task difficulty. 100 pro- fessional screeners conducted a simulated baggage screening task. They had to detect prohibited articles built into personal electronic devices that were screened either separately (low task diffi- culty) or inside baggage (high task difficulty). Results showed that EDSCB increased the detection of bombs built into personal electronic devices when screened separately. When electronics were left inside the baggage, operators ignored many EDSCB alarms, and many bombs were missed. Moreover, screeners missed most unalarmed explosives because they over-relied on the EDSCB’s judgment. We recommend that when EDSCB indicates that the bag might contain an explosive, baggage should always be examined further in a secondary search using explosive trace detection, manual opening of bags and other means
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
  • Vorschaubild
    Publikation
    On the relation between mental ability and speed of information processing in the Hick task: An analysis of behavioral and electrophysiological speed measures
    (Elsevier, 2017) Troche, Stefan J.; Merks, Sarah; Houlihan, Michael E.; Rammsayer, Thomas H.
    Inspired by Robert Stelmack's research on the electrophysiological foundation of mental ability (MA), the present study investigated whether the well-established negative relation between reaction times (RTs) and MA in four conditions of the Hick task can be explained by faster stimulus classification and consolidation in working memory as measured by the P300 latency in the event-related potential. RTs of 113 female participants aged from 17 to 38 years increased with increasing number of response alternatives in the Hick task. Except for one condition, RTs were negatively and significantly related to MA but this relationship did not increase with task complexity. This pattern of results suggests that speed of response selection does not account for shorter RTs in individuals with higher than lower MA. Against our expectations, however, in none of the four conditions, P300 latency was related to MA. Thus, the negative association between RTs and MA cannot be explained in terms of faster stimulus evaluation and consolidation in working memory. As a tentative explanation of this lack of association, even the most complex condition was not demanding enough to require the inhibitory processes underlying the P300 component in a sufficient extent to reveal MA-related individual differences in P300 latency.
    01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift