Leemann, Regula Julia
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Establishment of a school-based pathway to Universities of Applied Sciences in Switzerland. Conventions of higher education access in vocational and general education
How did the upper-secondary specialised school (SpS) establish itself as a school-based pathway to the universities of applied sciences in Switzerland? The sociology of conventions serves to analyse how actors justify and assess this type of school. The analysis of interviews and educational policy documents shows that the specialised school has been a recurring target of criticism from advocates of the VET system. It had to make compromises with the world of work to gain recognition as a pathway to the universities of applied sciences.
Cooperative VET in training networks – analysing the free-rider problem in a sociology-of-conventions perspective
In training networks, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises pool their resources to train apprentices within the framework of the dual VET system, while an intermediary organisation is tasked with managing operations. Over the course of their apprenticeship, the apprentices switch from one training company to another on a (half-) yearly basis. Drawing on a case study of four training networks in Switzerland and the theoretical framework of the sociology of conventions, this paper aims to understand the reasons for the slow dissemination and reluctant adoption of this promising form of organising VET in Switzerland. The results of the study show that the system of moving from one company to another creates a variety of free-rider constellations in the distribution of the collectively generated corporative benefits. This explains why companies are reluctant to participate in this model. For the network to be sustainable, the intermediary organisation has to address discontent arising from free-rider problems while taking into account that the solutions found are always tentative and will often result in new free-rider Problems.
Wandel und Reform in der Bildung: Soziologische Beiträge zur kritischen Analyse von Programmen, Aktionen und Diskursen
Gender Inequalities in Transnational Academic Mobility and the Ideal Type of an Academic Entrepreneur
Free movement of people and capital and the standard of transnational academic mobility: Principles of governance in the European Research Area (ERA)
The project of establishing a European community since World War II has been further advanced by adding - besides the four freedoms of free movement of goods, persons, services and capital - a fifth freedom – the free circulation of researchers, knowledge and technology – that intends to promote community building at the level of higher education and research and by creating of a European Research Area (ERA). Based on a study of academic careers of postdocs in Switzerland and secondary data, the paper aims to analyse the key governing principles implied in the standard of transnational academic mobility of ‘human capital’ as well as the experiences of individual researchers in coordinating their interests and lives in this context. We refer to the theoretical framework of the economics of conventions and regimes of engagements by Boltanski and Thévenot. We show that the policies, values and norms of the ERA and the standard of geographic mobility are, at their core, based on four conventions – industry, market, project and fame. This arrangement forces researchers to establish themselves as academic self-entrepreneurs in the knowledge market. In consequence, the mobility requirement of the ERA governance regime makes it difficult for individuals to engage in an individual plan, in familiarity and in exploration.
New models of apprenticeship and equal employment opportunity. Do training networks enhance fair hiring practices?
Les réseaux d'entreprises formatrices. Une nouvelle forme d'apprentissage en Suisse
Training networks are a model of vocational training in the dual VET system in Switzerland. Small and medium-sized enterprises can train apprentices jointly. Drawing on four case studies of training networks in Switzerland and on the theory of the economics of conventions, two questions are treated: What are the motives of Training companies for participation in a training network? Which conflicts and tensions arise from the joint training of apprentices? The results demonstrate the plurality of motifs for participation in a training network, resulting in dissatisfaction of the training companies and ongoing conflicts in the network over the course of the training.