Institute for Competitiveness and Communication

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A statistical analysis of the web presences of European life sciences research teams
(2008) Barjak, Franz; Thelwall, Mike [in: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology]
Web links have been used for around ten years to explore the online impact of academic information and information producers. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted to relate link counts to relevant offline attributes of the owners of the targeted Web sites, with the exception of research productivity. This article reports the results of a study to relate site inlink counts to relevant owner characteristics for over 400 European life-science research group Web sites. The analysis confirmed that research-group size and Web-presence size were important for attracting Web links, although research productivity was not. Little evidence was found for significant influence of any of an array of factors, including research-group leader gender and industry connections. In addition, the choice of search engine for link data created a surprising international difference in the results, with Google perhaps giving unreliable results. Overall, the data collection, statistical analysis and results interpretation were all complex and it seems that we still need to know more about search engines, hyperlinks, and their function in science before we can draw conclusions on their usefulness and role in the canon of science and technology indicators.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Accelerating Transition to Virtual Research Organization in Social Science (AVROSS). M4 Final Report to the European Commission
(2007) Barjak, Franz; Wiegand, Gordon; Lane, Julia; Kertcher, Zack; Poschen, Meik; Procter, Rob; Robinson, Simon; Mentrup, Alexander
05 - Forschungs- oder Arbeitsbericht
An Emergent Quadruple Helix in Swiss Energy Sector?
(2017) Gürtler, Stefan; Barjak, Franz; Lindeque, Johan Paul; Tynnhammar, Marcus [in: XXVIII ISPIM Innovation Conference, Vienna]
04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
Assessing the web connectivity of research groups on an international scale
(Emerald, 2008) Thelwall, Mike; Li, Xuemei; Barjak, Franz; Robinson, Simon [in: ASLIB Proceedings]
The purpose of this paper is to claim that it is useful to assess the web connectivity of research groups, describe hyperlink‐based techniques to achieve this and present brief details of European life sciences research groups as a case study. Design/methodology/approach A commercial search engine was harnessed to deliver hyperlink data via its automatic query submission interface. A special purpose link analysis tool, LexiURL, then summarised and graphed the link data in appropriate ways. Findings Webometrics can provide a wide range of descriptive information about the international connectivity of research groups. Research limitations/implications Only one field was analysed, data was taken from only one search engine, and the results were not validated. Practical implications Web connectivity seems to be particularly important for attracting overseas job applicants and to promote research achievements and capabilities, and hence we contend that it can be useful for national and international governments to use webometrics to ensure that the web is being used effectively by research groups. Originality/value This is the first paper to make a case for the value of using a range of webometric techniques to evaluate the web presences of research groups within a field, and possibly the first “applied” webometrics study produced for an external contract.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Business model innovation as a composite type of innovation
(25.06.2015) Barjak, Franz; Perrett, Pieter Jan
The paper conceptualises business model innovations (BMI) as a fundamental change of the mechanisms and arrangements of how a company creates, delivers and captures value. It translates this definition into a composite innovation indicator that consists of a combination of radical product and radical process innovations, or radical product innovations combined with marketing and organisational innovations. Deepening our understanding of the construct by means of an exploratory analysis of 60 BMI case studies, we find that revenue model innovations have not been captured sufficiently in the CIS datasets. At the same time, they constitute an essential element and characterize a significant number of BMI cases. We suggest that innovation surveys should introduce questions on revenue model innovations and add a few further changes to better capture business model innovations in the future.
06 - Präsentation
Case Studies of e-Infrastructure Adoption
(SAGE, 2009) Barjak, Franz; Lane, Julia; Kertcher, Zack; Poschen, Meik; Procter, Rob; Robinson, Simon [in: Social Science Computer Review]
This article reports results from a study of e-Infrastructure adoption in the social sciences and humanities (SSH). The authors find that bridging barriers between computer and domain scientists is of key importance. In particular, SSH communities have to be accepted as being distinct and not suited to a ‘‘one size fits all’’ strategy of e-Infrastructure diffusion. Sustainability was also a core issue, whereas barriers to resource sharing could mostly be resolved with technological solutions, and skills and training activities are a reflection of the general ‘‘user dilemma.’’ The authors’ recommendations to European Union (EU) policy makers point the way to promoting e-Infrastructure development and wider application in the SSH.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Case Studies of e-Infrastructure Adoption
(19.06.2008) Barjak, Franz; Wiegand, Gordon; Lane, Julia; Kertcher, Zack; Poschen, Meik; Procter, Rob; Robinson, Simon
We report results from a study of e-Infrastructure adoption in the social sciences and humanities. We find that bridging barriers between computer and domain scientists is of key importance. In particular, SSH communities have to be accepted as being distinct and not suited to a “one size fits all” strategy of e-Infrastructure diffusion. Sustainability was also a core issue, whereas barriers to resource sharing could mostly be resolved with technological solutions, and skills and training activities are a reflection of the general “user dilemma”. Our recommendations to EU policy-makers point the way to promoting e-Infrastructure development and application in the social sciences and humanities.
06 - Präsentation
e-Infrastructure adoption in the social sciences and humanities: cross-national evidence
(12.09.2008) Barjak, Franz; Lane, Julia; Poschen, Meik; Procter, Rob; Robinson, Simon; Wiegand, Gordon
This paper is a first attempt to describe and compare the adoption of e-Infrastructure across the UK, continental Europe, and the USA in the social sciences and humanities. A survey of early adopters identified three differences across these countries, each potentially affecting adoption: funding approaches, the technical configuration of projects, and research support. Our findings also suggest that the sustainable adoption of e-Infrastructure co-varies with the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and the involvement of other people in the adoption decision.
06 - Präsentation
eResearch2020: The Role of e-Infrastructures in the Creation of Global Virtual Research Communities. Final Report. Report to the European Commission
(2010) Hüsing, Tobias; Robinson, Simon; Barjak, Franz; Bendel, Oliver; Wiegand, Gordon; Eccles, Kathryn; Meyer, Eric; Schroeder, Ralph; Kertcher, Zack; Coslor, Erica
05 - Forschungs- oder Arbeitsbericht
Evaluation of the existing Swiss institutional R&D funding instruments for the implementation of the space-related measures. Final report to the Swiss Space Office, State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation (SERI)
(State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation (SERI), 2015) Barjak, Franz; Bill, Marc; Samuel, Olga
05 - Forschungs- oder Arbeitsbericht
From the analogue divide to the hybrid divide: the internet does not ensure equality of access to information in science
(Idea Group, 2006) Barjak, Franz; Hine, Christine [in: New Infrastructures for Knowledge Production: understanding e-science]
New Infrastructures for Knowledge Production: Understanding E-Science offers a distinctive understanding of new infrastructures for knowledge production based in science and technology studies. This field offers a unique potential to assess systematically the prospects for new modes of science enabled by information and communication technologies. The authors use varied methodological approaches, reviewing the origins of initiatives to develop e-science infrastructures, exploring the diversity of the various solutions and the scientific cultures which use them, and assessing the prospects for wholesale change in scientific structures and practices. New Infrastructures for Knowledge Production: Understanding E-Science contains practical advice for the design of appropriate technological solutions, and long range assessments of the prospects for change useful both to policy makers and those implementing institutional infrastructures. Readers interested in understanding contemporary science will gain a rich picture of the practices and the technologies that are shaping the knowledge production of the future.
04A - Beitrag Sammelband
The Future of e-Research Infrastructures
(25.06.2009) Schroeder, Ralph; Meyer, Eric; Eccles, Kathryn; Kertcher, Zack; Barjak, Franz; Hüsing, Tobias; Robinson, Simon
In this paper, we present selected results of a systematic study of different types of e-Research infrastructures. The paper is based on ongoing research to compare a range of e-Infrastructures of broad diversity focusing on: geographical diversity, representing efforts from around the globe; disciplinary diversity, including the natural sciences, social sciences and humanities; organizational diversity, for example, multi-institutional or federated; diverse levels of maturity, from those in the planning stage to those with a well-established user base; and diverse types of target user communities such as specialized niche, discipline-wide, or generic infrastructures. In presenting six initial cases, we discuss some general features that distinguish between different types of infrastructures across different fields of research. Previous analyses of e-Infrastructures have focused on the parallels between these infrastructures and the major infrastructures in society that support national populations. What our cases highlight instead is that e-Infrastructures consist of multiple types of overlapping and intersecting socio-technical configurations that serve quite diverse needs and groups of users. Indeed, the very term ‘infrastructures’ may be misleading insofar as it connotes support of whole communities of researchers on a large scale, which is currently still premature. The paper derives implications of this heterogeneity for the future outlook on e-Infrastructures.
06 - Präsentation
Influences of the regional and national economic environment on the technology transfer performance of academic institutions in Europe
(Springer, 2016) Barjak, Franz; Es-Sadki, Nordine; Audretsch, David B.; Lehmann, Erik; Meoli, Michele; Vismara, Silvio [in: University Evolution, Entrepreneurial Activity and Regional Competitiveness]
The paper looks how the national and regional environment influence the knowledge and technology transfer (KTT) performance of universities and public research institutes. We regress a number of institutional control variables, country dummies and variables for region size and economic structure, per capita income, technology intensity, andR&Dintensity on four different tech transfer performance measures (R&D agreements with companies, patent applications, start-ups, licence agreements). Drawing on data from a survey of more than 200 European institutions we find: (1) Country differences are related to differences in the institutional set-up of technology transfer and to the (regional) economic environment which suggests multi-level analyses to properly take these interactions into account. (2) Institutions in a country usually excel for one performance measure which we take as a supporting argument for the development of transfer strategies. (3) Having manufacturing companies and a large share of governmental R&D expenditure in the region matter more than the technology intensity and R&D intensity of the regional economy. The latter result is counterintuitive and indicates that further research is needed in order to understand better where the clients of university technologies actually come from.
04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
International collaboration, mobility and team diversity in the life sciences: impact on research performance
(2007) Barjak, Franz; Robinson, Simon [in: Proceedings of ISSI 2007 - 11th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics]
The combination of knowledge and skills from different backgrounds or research cultures is often considered good for science. This paper describes the extent to which academic research teams in the life sciences draw on knowledge from different research cultures and how this is related to their research performance. We distinguish between international collaboration of research teams from different countries and cultural diversity of research teams resulting from team members with different countries of origin. Our results show that the most successful teams have a moderate level of cultural diversity; in addition, successful teams engage in collaboration activities with teams from other European countries and the US leading to joint publications. These results have implications for research team management and for research policy, in particular in relation to supporting measures for mobile scientists.
04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
International collaboration, mobility and team diversity in the life sciences: impact on research performance.
(Taylor & Francis, 2008) Barjak, Franz; Robinson, Simon [in: Social Geography]
The combination of knowledge and skills from different backgrounds or research cultures is often considered good for science. This paper describes the extent to which academic research teams in the life sciences draw on different national knowledge pools and how this is related to their research performance. We distinguish between international collaboration between research teams and international mobility leading to team diversity, where scientists with a background in another country work as members of a team over time. Our findings confirm previous results on the positive relationship between international collaboration and team performance. Moreover, we show that the most successful teams have a moderate level of diversity: maximizing diversity does not maximize performance. These results have implications for research team management and for research policy, in particular pointing out a need for adequate integration support to mobile scientists.
01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift
Knowledge and technology transfer performance of European universities and research institutions: assessing the influence of institutional by-laws and practices
(Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 2013) Barjak, Franz; Es-Sadki, Nordine; Arundel, Anthony; Hinze, Sybille; Lottmann, André [in: Translational twists and turns: science as socio-economic endeavour. Proceedings of STI 2013]
Several studies have shown that the knowledge and technology transfer (KTT) performance of universities and research institutions can be explained by institutional differences. Some of the factors that influence performance include providing staff incentives and the establishment of a knowledge transfer office (KTO). However, only a few empirical studies have looked at the influence of institutional by-laws and practices on KTT performance, even though they might have strong impacts. We use 2010 and 2011 data for 224 European universities and 48 public research organisations to investigate the effects of KTO characteristics, staff incentives, and policies on three measures of KTT: the number of invention disclosures, patent applications and licenses. Using a negative binomial count model, we find that a written IP policy is correlated with an increase in all three outcomes, although open publication of policies has no effect. Rules on managing conflict are positively correlated with the number of invention disclosures and patent applications. The only incentive for researchers that has a consistent positive effect on all outcome measures is to give inventors a share of the revenues. Non-monetary rewards such as career enhancement or social rewards have no effect.
04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
Knowledge and Technology Transfer Practices in Europe: First Results from a Study on 39 Countries
(22.09.2012) Barjak, Franz; Arundel, Anthony; Hüsing, Tobias
06 - Präsentation
Knowledge Transfer Study 2010 – 2012. Final Report to the European Commission, DG Research & Innovation
(2013) Barjak, Franz; Arundel, Anthony; Es-Sadki, Nordine; Perrett, Pieter Jan; Samuel, Olga; Lilischkis, Stefan
05 - Forschungs- oder Arbeitsbericht
National cultural diversity of research teams
(2009) Barjak, Franz; Robinson, Simon [in: Proceedings of ISSI 2009 - 12th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics]
According to social categorization theory diversity has negative effects on group processes as it places a burden on communication and cohesion. From an information processing approach, however, diversity is considered as beneficial for groups broadening the available cognitive resources. The paper compares national cultural diversity of research teams, i.e. to what degree members of research teams come from different countries, across a set of 10 European countries and four academic domains (engineering, natural sciences, biology, and social sciences). It uses different measures of diversity which include species richness, evenness and disparity to different degrees. For all measures we find that the UK and Sweden have high cultural diversities of their research teams, whereas the Czech Republic, Hungary and Italy and at domain level the social sciences have low diversities. We then relate the diversity measures to the teams’ research performance measured as journal publications but at the current level of calculations we fail to find a stable relationship.
04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
Paving the way for a new composite indicator on business model innovations
(Universiteit Leiden - CWTS, 2014) Barjak, Franz; Bill, Marc; Noyons, Ed [in: Proceedings of the Science and Technology Indicators Conference 2014 Leiden “Context Counts: Pathways to Master Big and Little Data”]
The paper conceptualises business model innovations (BMI) as a fundamental change of the mechanisms and arrangements of how a company creates, delivers and captures value. It translates this definition into a composite innovation indicator that consists of a combination of radical product and radical process innovations, or radical product innovations combined with marketing and organisational innovations. Implementing this definition with empirical data from the Community Innovation Surveys (CIS) in Europe, we find that roughly one out of 20 SMEs has introduced a BMI in the three-year period preceding the surveys.
04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift

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