2022-09-13, Neuenschwander, Markus, Niederbacher, Edith

2021-11-25, Neuenschwander, Markus, Niederbacher, Edith

2019-11-29, Niederbacher, Edith, Neuenschwander, Markus, Mayland, Camille

2019-02-26, Niederbacher, Edith, Neuenschwander, Markus, Mayland, Camille, Bölsterli, Janine

2022-09-13, Neuenschwander, Markus, Garrote, Ariana, Niederbacher, Edith

2021-09-17, Garrote, Ariana, Niederbacher, Edith, Hofmann, Jan, Rösti, Ilona, Neuenschwander, Markus

School closures in spring 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic were an unprecedented and drastic event for students, parents, and teachers. The unplanned adaptation of classroom instruction to emergency distance learning was necessary to ensure continued education. In this new learning environment, teachers formed expectations for student academic achievement gains, which in turn affected the opportunities for students to learn. Parents faced new challenges in supporting their children’s learning. According to parenting stress models, such drastic events can be a stress factor for parents, which in turn affects their children’s adjustment. This study analyzed the extent to which parents and teachers affected the perceptions of students in compulsory school toward distance learning through processes at home (individual level) and at the class level with data from multiple informants. On an individual level, the relationship between parents’ perceived threat of COVID-19 and their stress due to distance learning and students’ perceived threat of COVID-19 and their perception of distance learning were examined. Students’ learning behavior was accounted for as a variable related to their perception of distance learning. At the class level, the explanatory character of teacher expectations and class-aggregated achievement gains were examined. Data on students in grades 4 to 8, parents, and teachers in Switzerland were collected with standardized online questionnaires after the period of school closures. A subsample of 539 students, 539 parents, and 83 teachers was analyzed. The results of multilevel structural equation modeling suggested that students had a more positive perception of distance learning if they were able to learn more autonomously (i.e., more motivated and concentrated than in regular classroom instruction) and if their parents felt less stressed in the distance learning setting. Parents were more stressed if they perceived COVID-19 as a threat. Students’ perception of the COVID-19 threat was related to their parents’ perception but did not explain students’ learning behavior. At the class level, if teachers expected high academic achievement gains in distance learning, the average academic achievement gains of a class were greater. The greater the achievement gains were, the more positive the collective student perception of distance learning was.

2019-06-27, Mayland, Camille, Niederbacher, Edith, Neuenschwander, Markus

2022-07-04, Neuenschwander, Markus, Niederbacher, Edith, Garrote, Ariana

Die COVID-19 Pandemie führte im Frühling 2020 zu einer unerwarteten flächendeckenden Unterbrechung des Präsenzunterrichts in allen Schulen der Schweiz und zur Einführung von Fernunterricht. Durch die Verlagerung des Unterrichts in die Familie könnten die ungleichen familiären Ressourcen zu einer Verstärkung der Herkunftseffekte auf den Lernzuwachs der Schüler*innen führen. Wie sehr hatten der sozioökonomische Status und die Familiensprache von Schüler*innen einen Effekt auf den Lernzuwachs während des Fernunterrichts? Diese Frage wurde mit einer Stichprobe von 1321 Schüler*innen, 851 Erziehungsberechtigten und 108 Klassenlehrpersonen aus der Nordwestschweiz, die im Juni/Juli 2020 einen Online-Fragebogen ausfüllten, bearbeitet. Ein Pfadmodell mit Berücksichtigung der Mehrebenenstruktur der Daten zeigte vergleichbare Ergebnisse für die Primarstufe und die Sekundarstufe I sowie für Mädchen und Jungen. Der sozioökonomische Status erklärte den Lernzuwachs im Lehrpersonenurteil vermittelt über das Leistungsniveau der Schüler*innen (Lehrpersonenurteil). Die Familiensprache hat einen indirekten Effekt über das Leistungsniveau der Schüler*innen auf den Lernzuwachs. Das Leistungsniveau der Schüler*innen, die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung der Eltern und die Verfügbarkeit eines ruhigen Lernortes im Schülerurteil erklären, vermittelt über das Lernverhalten im Elternurteil, den Lernzuwachs der Schüler*innen. Das Modell liefert eine Erklärung zu Bildungsungleichheit während des Fernunterrichts. Allerdings sind in den vorliegenden Daten die Effekte des sozioökonomischen Status und der Fremdsprachigkeit auf den Lernzuwachs nicht stärker als in vergleichbaren Studien zur Situation vor der Pandemie. Die wenigen Wochen Fernunterricht haben daher möglicherweise weniger zu einer Verstärkung der Bildungsungleichheit beigetragen als befürchtet.

2021-04-06, Neuenschwander, Markus, Mayland, Camille, Niederbacher, Edith, Garrote, Ariana

Students’ migration backgrounds and low socioeconomic status can bias teacher expectations of student achievement in mathematics and German. The main goal of this intervention study was to inform, raise awareness, and provide opportunities to implement behaviors to modify primary school teachers’ biased achievement expectations. Before and after the implementation of the teacher training, data were collected using teacher, student, and parent questionnaires and student achievement tests in mathematics and German. Regression analyses using a sample of 860 students from Grades 4 to 6 from 75 classes showed that students’ migration backgrounds and socioeconomic status biased teacher expectations for pretests in mathematics and German. After the intervention, expectations in mathematics were unbiased by students’ migration background among teachers in the test group, in contrast to the control group. This study provides evidence for strategies to modify biased teacher expectations through teacher training.

2019-02-26, Mayland, Camille, Neuenschwander, Markus, Niederbacher, Edith, Bölsterli, Janine