Institut Mensch in komplexen Systemen
Dauerhafte URI für die Sammlunghttps://irf.fhnw.ch/handle/11654/3
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Ergebnisse nach Hochschule und Institut
Publikation Zusammenarbeit zwischen Betriebszentrale und Interventionsdienst im Bahnbetrieb. Analyse und Schulung von Fähigkeiten und Kompetenzen für die interprofessionelle Ereignisbewältigung im Bahnbetrieb(06.03.2024) Wahrstätter, Stefan; Brüngger, Jonas; Dittrich, Melisa; Müller, Nicole; Fischer, Katrin06 - PräsentationPublikation Technische Anlagemodernisierungen: Herausforderung für eine soziotechnische Systemgestaltung(GfA-Press, 03.03.2023) Müller, Nicole; Stoller, Nicole; Iseli, Katja; Boutellier, Annelies; Fischer, KatrinBei Anlagemodernisierungen in Unternehmen steht die Technik häufig im Fokus, während Arbeitsprozesse und -aufgaben für die Mitarbeitenden oft erst reaktiv angepasst werden. Um negative Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitssituation der Mitarbeitenden zu vermeiden, benötigen die sozialen Komponenten eines Arbeitssystems daher besondere Aufmerksamkeit. Im Rahmen einer Anlagemodernisierung in einem Schweizer Industriewerk wurden die Folgen auf die Arbeitssituation der Mitarbeitenden anhand einer soziotechnischen Systemanalyse bewertet. Darauf aufbauend wurde ein Instrument entwickelt, das es dem Unternehmen für zukünftige Modernisierungsprojekte ermöglicht, prospektiv deren Auswirkungen auf die Human- und Organisationsfaktoren abzuschätzen und vorausschauend positiv zu gestalten.04B - Beitrag KonferenzschriftPublikation Bar display or numeric display – which punctuality display makes more sense for train drivers?(09.11.2022) Stoller, Nicole; Wahrstätter, Stefan; Brüngger, Jonas; Fischer, KatrinBackground: Drivers of some public transport, like trams or buses, are equipped with a punctuality display to continuously monitor the actual status with the scheduled times of the timetable. The train drivers of the Swiss Federal Railways and some other major railway companies in the country do not have such a punctuality display until now. Instead, they receive other information aids on the screen of their work tablets, such as frequent passage times for operating points or recommended speeds for a smooth and energy-saving journey. However, train drivers must compare two displayed times and perform a mental calculation to get their current earliness or delay in relation to the timetable. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how a punctuality display needs to be designed to support drivers in a smooth and safe journey without causing stress or distraction. Method: Two prototype punctuality displays, a bar graph display and a numeric display, were developed in a workshop with experts from the railway and occupational psychology fields. During the development the two prototypes were evaluated according to suitable design and usability criteria such as task appropriateness, conformity to expectations or individuality. In addition, the two prototypes were not allowed to restrict the train drivers' scope of action or distract them during the journey. The train drivers tested the two punctuality displays on test tablets during one to two work shifts. They then rated usefulness, distraction, stress, risk of confusion and other issues on an online-questionnaire using a 7-point Likert scale. Results: Seventy-three train drivers tested the punctuality displays, 55 of whom completed the questionnaire. Eighty per cent of the drivers preferred the numerical display to the bar display. The ratings of some aspects, such as usefulness or interpretability, were significantly higher for the numeric display than for the bar display. Conclusion: The results show a clear preference for the numeric display over the bar display. While the usability criteria in this study were only considered for the punctuality display itself, they should also be applied when the system is put in place.06 - PräsentationPublikation Distraction and the Use of Modern Communication Devices in the Train Driver's Cab(26.09.2022) Stoller, Nicole; Brüngger, Jonas; Wahrstätter, Stefan; Dittrich, Melisa; Nisoli, Giulio; Hostettler, Karin; Fischer, KatrinSwiss railway companies provide their train drivers with modern communication devices such as cell phones and tablets. The use of these devices is necessary for train drivers to perform their tasks. However, the use of these devices can distract the drivers to an extent not to be underestimated. Increasing irregularities and unsafe actions, including signals passed at danger, can be attributed at least to a certain extent to the distraction of train drivers by these mobile and other digital devices in the driver’s cab. The final goal of this study was to identify appropriate measures to reduce distraction or its consequences without restricting the scope of action of the train drivers or hindering them in the performance of their primary tasks (i. e., safe train driving). We investigated which digital devices and which of their functions in the driver’s cab lead to distraction in what situations. For this purpose, we conducted 14 qualitative observations in the driver’s cab and six interviews with rail experts. Based on the results, we suggested how to address distraction in the driver’s cab from a work psychology and design perspective. To achieve a holistic approach, we developed measures that address the individual driver as well as the design of technology and the organizational processes. The development and validation of appropriate measures was realized in close collaboration with experts of several railway companies. The outcome is a set of 26 preventive and protective measures. Preventive measures aim to avoid distraction, e.g., by restricting irrelevant information from entering the driver’s cab during the ride. Protective measures reduce the negative consequences of distraction, e.g., the feature of manual and temporary suppression of incoming messages. By carefully selecting and implementing these measures, the railway companies can ultimately support their train drivers to use modern communication devices in the driver’s cab safely and sensibly.06 - PräsentationPublikation Punctuality display in the driver’s cab: Blessing or curse for train drivers?(27.09.2022) Wahrstätter, Stefan; Stoller, Nicole; Brüngger, Jonas; Fischer, KatrinEnergy efficiency is an important topic for the Swiss railway industry – and not only because of the discussion regarding climate change. Currently, train drivers already receive updates on operating times, optimised speed profiles and recommended speed corrections through various assistance systems, enabling punctual and energy-efficient driving. As a further step, researchers at the University of Applied Psychology FHNW Switzerland and the Swiss Federal Railways SBB have now tested another support system in the driver’s cab: the punctuality display. A punctuality display could save train drivers from having to mentally calculate any deviation to the scheduled time themselves and thus keep their attention on safety-relevant tasks. This display may increase the overall system’s transparency and thus enhance perceived control for the train drivers. However, a punctuality display could also cause permanent readjustments to cruising speed and thus increase stress for the train drivers. The aim of the research project was to investigate the potential effects of a punctuality display on the daily work routine of train drivers. Other factors, such as the influence of the train driver’s work experience or the effect of the punctuality display while driving on different routes, were also investigated. In a second step, two different designs of a punctuality display were evaluated to investigate their influence on factors such as stress or distraction and to determine which of the two designs was preferred by train drivers. Or, in somewhat more general terms, the study intended to examine whether additional information systems are beneficial for a system operator because they increase system and process transparency, or whether this additional information is more of a stressor or restricts the operators’ scope for action. To assess these questions, test runs were carried out and assessed through questionnaires. The results show that the punctuality display is evaluated as a supportive tool by the train drivers. Novices rate the punctuality display slightly more positively than experts. When testing the design variants, it became apparent that a simple numeric display was preferred to a bar display. The stress and distraction potential of a punctuality display was generally evaluated as low by the train drivers and the display was not rated as disruptive. As a conclusion, it seems reasonable to provide train drivers with a punctuality display in form of a numerical display in the driver’s cab to support them in their daily work activity.06 - PräsentationPublikation Basler Fairness Fragebogen (BFF): Erlebte Fairness der Begutachtung(2022) Fischer, Katrin; Rosburg, Timm; Lohss, Regine; Bachmann, Monica; Walter Meyer, Brigitte; de Boer, Wout E.L.; Kunz, Regina10 - Elektronische-/ WebpublikationPublikation SERFOR – selbsterklärende und fehlerverzeihende Ausserortsstrassen(Schweizerischer Verband der Strassen- und Verkehrsfachleute, 11/2022) Zahnd, Bettina; Willi, Christian; Deublein, Markus; Fischer, Katrin01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder ZeitungPublikation Self-explaining and forgiving roads. Need for action on rural roads in Switzerland(2022) Fischer, Katrin; Zahnd, Bettina; Willi, Christian; Deublein, Markus06 - PräsentationPublikation Implizites explizieren - Ansätze zur Wissensweitergabe aus der psychologischen Forschung(ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften, 2022) Fischer, Katrin01B - Beitrag in Magazin oder Zeitung
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