Institut Mensch in komplexen Systemen

Dauerhafte URI für die Sammlunghttps://irf.fhnw.ch/handle/11654/3

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Autor:in: search.filters.author.Fischer, KatrinAnfangsdatum: 2020

Ergebnisse nach Hochschule und Institut

Gerade angezeigt 1 - 10 von 29
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    Publikation
    Safety, security, and information security. An integrated approach for railway operations
    (18.02.2025) Fischer, Katrin; Brüngger, Jonas; Wahrstätter, Stefan; Müller, Nicole; Weiss, Stefanie
    Safety, Security, and Information Security: An Integrated Approach for Railway Operations Safety, security, and information security are critical components in the railway operations, where robust protection against accidents, sabotage, and cyberattacks is essential. Historically, these three domains have often been addressed in isolation, leading to conflicts in objectives and measures that can only be identified during incidents. This fragmentation poses challenges, as safety-driven measures may inadvertently compromise security or information security. Given the increasing complexity and interconnectivity of railway systems, along with shared threats and regulatory demands, an integrative approach to protection is imperative. Human and organizational factors play a key role in this integration. Elements such as situational awareness, compliance with regulations, risk perception, and communication practices can significantly influence outcomes in railway operations. Therefore, a holistic examination of these factors is essential to leverage synergies, promote consistent safety, and enhance resilience against security incidents in the railway sector. This project focuses specifically on how regulatory authorities and railway operators can systematically identify and assess potential conflicts between safety, security, and information security. The aim of the ongoing research project is to develop theoretically grounded tools and instruments that encourage reflective and evaluative processes, facilitating an integrated view of safety measures critical to rail operations. These tools will not only raise awareness but also provide practical, implementable processes for embedding conflict assessments into the supervisory and operational workflows within railway systems. Key research questions include how operators can integrate an integrated approach to safety, security and information security in railroad operations, how risk management tools should be designed to meet the challenges of integrated protection in this context, and how operators (as well as regulators) can systematically identify and assess potential conflicts between these areas. Specific project aims include creating tools that enable a structured, theory-based evaluation of measures across safety, security, and information security, as well as establishing mechanisms for systematically incorporating conflict assessments into operational practices. These tools are intended to supplement traditional risk management, promote the reflection process between operators and supervisory authorities, support an integrated view of safety measures and help with conflict assessment. Ultimately, the project aspires to enhance the understanding and development of human and organizational factors related to integrated protection in the railway transport. It aims to cultivate awareness of the necessity for an integrated approach by identifying and addressing conflicts arising from the diverse requirements of safety, security, and information security within the railway context. This comprehensive approach is designed to foster a culture of integrated safety that encompasses all three areas specifically rail operations.
    06 - Präsentation
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    Enhancing cooperation between the operations centre and intervention service in railway operations. Analysis and training of skills and competences for interprofessional incident management in railway operations
    (18.02.2025) Brüngger, Jonas; Fischer, Katrin; Wahrstätter, Stefan; Müller, Nicole
    Enhancing Cooperation between the Operations Centre and Intervention Service in Railway Operations Analysis and training of skills and competences for interprofessional incident management in railway operations A wild animal is run over, an embankment is on fire, a train derails - a lot can happen on a railway network. Incident management in increasingly complex railway operations places high demands on the skills and competences of employees. Efficient inter-professional cooperation between the operations centre and the intervention service is crucial. The tasks of the operations centre encompass all parts of operational management (dispatching, signaling, customer information, technical control centre), while those of the intervention service include the coordinated management of an incident within the railway infrastructure on site. On the one hand, it is important to ensure the ability of individual employees to safely manage incidents in railway operations. On the other hand, employees need specific cognitive skills and competences for cross-divisional, interprofessional cooperation so that they can work together attentively, proactively and efficiently in the complex and often time-critical phases of incident management. As too little attention has so far been paid to the joint training of interpersonal and cross-role skills, the aim of this project was to promote the cognitive, social and self-competences of employees for successful interprofessional cooperation. To this end, a team of the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW) developed a cross-divisional training course to improve the relevant cognitive skills of employees in the operations centre and the intervention service in a joint project with a Swiss railway company. In the first of three project phases, the analysis phase, the relevant cognitive skills and competences for interprofessional collaboration were first identified by means of literature research and structured interviews. The resulting key training topics are: (1) communication, (2) role understanding and perspective taking, and (3) shared mental models. Based on the insights gained, methods for training the identified cognitive skills and competences were developed and tried in the second phase. In the final phase, the creation and implementation of training courses, a training concept for interprofessional training for employees of the operations centre and the intervention service was developed and tested in a pilot implementation. Two types of training were developed for each training topic: Off-the-job training and on-the-job exercises. The off-the-job training consists of a joint training course for employees from both the Operations Centre and the Intervention Service. This off-the-job training includes theoretical input, interprofessional exercises, discussion and critical reflection on past incident management as well as simulation of an incident to apply the newly acquired skills. In addition to this training, the on-the-job exercises serve as practical training to consolidate the relevant skills and transfer them to everyday working life. They can be completed by employees individually and flexibly whenever they have time in their jobs. Overall, participating in the off-the-job training and carrying out the on-the-job exercises enables employees to promote cooperation between the operations centre and the intervention service and thus ensure that the relevant cognitive skills, communication, understanding of roles and perspective-taking as well as shared mental models are effectively trained for their work.
    06 - Präsentation
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    Gute Vorschriften gestalten – Aber wie?
    (20.03.2024) Fischer, Katrin
    06 - Präsentation
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    04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
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    Nudging - Ein Weg zu guten Entscheidungen?
    (05.11.2024) Fischer, Katrin
    06 - Präsentation
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    Publikation
    Technische Anlagemodernisierungen: Herausforderung für eine soziotechnische Systemgestaltung
    (GfA Press, 03.03.2023) Müller, Nicole; Stoller, Nicole; Iseli, Katja; Boutellier, Annelies; Fischer, Katrin
    Bei Anlagemodernisierungen in Unternehmen steht die Technik häufig im Fokus, während Arbeitsprozesse und -aufgaben für die Mitarbeitenden oft erst reaktiv angepasst werden. Um negative Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitssituation der Mitarbeitenden zu vermeiden, benötigen die sozialen Komponenten eines Arbeitssystems daher besondere Aufmerksamkeit. Im Rahmen einer Anlagemodernisierung in einem Schweizer Industriewerk wurden die Folgen auf die Arbeitssituation der Mitarbeitenden anhand einer soziotechnischen Systemanalyse bewertet. Darauf aufbauend wurde ein Instrument entwickelt, das es dem Unternehmen für zukünftige Modernisierungsprojekte ermöglicht, prospektiv deren Auswirkungen auf die Human- und Organisationsfaktoren abzuschätzen und vorausschauend positiv zu gestalten.
    04B - Beitrag Konferenzschrift
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    Bar display or numeric display – which punctuality display makes more sense for train drivers?
    (09.11.2022) Stoller, Nicole; Wahrstätter, Stefan; Brüngger, Jonas; Fischer, Katrin
    Background: Drivers of some public transport, like trams or buses, are equipped with a punctuality display to continuously monitor the actual status with the scheduled times of the timetable. The train drivers of the Swiss Federal Railways and some other major railway companies in the country do not have such a punctuality display until now. Instead, they receive other information aids on the screen of their work tablets, such as frequent passage times for operating points or recommended speeds for a smooth and energy-saving journey. However, train drivers must compare two displayed times and perform a mental calculation to get their current earliness or delay in relation to the timetable. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how a punctuality display needs to be designed to support drivers in a smooth and safe journey without causing stress or distraction. Method: Two prototype punctuality displays, a bar graph display and a numeric display, were developed in a workshop with experts from the railway and occupational psychology fields. During the development the two prototypes were evaluated according to suitable design and usability criteria such as task appropriateness, conformity to expectations or individuality. In addition, the two prototypes were not allowed to restrict the train drivers' scope of action or distract them during the journey. The train drivers tested the two punctuality displays on test tablets during one to two work shifts. They then rated usefulness, distraction, stress, risk of confusion and other issues on an online-questionnaire using a 7-point Likert scale. Results: Seventy-three train drivers tested the punctuality displays, 55 of whom completed the questionnaire. Eighty per cent of the drivers preferred the numerical display to the bar display. The ratings of some aspects, such as usefulness or interpretability, were significantly higher for the numeric display than for the bar display. Conclusion: The results show a clear preference for the numeric display over the bar display. While the usability criteria in this study were only considered for the punctuality display itself, they should also be applied when the system is put in place.
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    Distraction and the Use of Modern Communication Devices in the Train Driver's Cab
    (26.09.2022) Stoller, Nicole; Brüngger, Jonas; Wahrstätter, Stefan; Dittrich, Melisa; Nisoli, Giulio; Hostettler, Karin; Fischer, Katrin
    Swiss railway companies provide their train drivers with modern communication devices such as cell phones and tablets. The use of these devices is necessary for train drivers to perform their tasks. However, the use of these devices can distract the drivers to an extent not to be underestimated. Increasing irregularities and unsafe actions, including signals passed at danger, can be attributed at least to a certain extent to the distraction of train drivers by these mobile and other digital devices in the driver’s cab. The final goal of this study was to identify appropriate measures to reduce distraction or its consequences without restricting the scope of action of the train drivers or hindering them in the performance of their primary tasks (i. e., safe train driving). We investigated which digital devices and which of their functions in the driver’s cab lead to distraction in what situations. For this purpose, we conducted 14 qualitative observations in the driver’s cab and six interviews with rail experts. Based on the results, we suggested how to address distraction in the driver’s cab from a work psychology and design perspective. To achieve a holistic approach, we developed measures that address the individual driver as well as the design of technology and the organizational processes. The development and validation of appropriate measures was realized in close collaboration with experts of several railway companies. The outcome is a set of 26 preventive and protective measures. Preventive measures aim to avoid distraction, e.g., by restricting irrelevant information from entering the driver’s cab during the ride. Protective measures reduce the negative consequences of distraction, e.g., the feature of manual and temporary suppression of incoming messages. By carefully selecting and implementing these measures, the railway companies can ultimately support their train drivers to use modern communication devices in the driver’s cab safely and sensibly.
    06 - Präsentation