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Publikation Analyzing microbial communities and their biodegradation of multiple pharmaceuticals in membrane bioreactors(Springer, 12.07.2023) Suleiman, Marcel; Demaria, Francesca; Zimmardi, Cristina; Kolvenbach, Boris; Corvini, PhilippeAbstract Pharmaceuticals are of concern to our planet and health as they can accumulate in the environment. The impact of these biologically active compounds on ecosystems is hard to predict, and information on their biodegradation is necessary to establish sound risk assessment. Microbial communities are promising candidates for the biodegradation of pharmaceuticals such as ibuprofen, but little is known yet about their degradation capacity of multiple micropollutants at higher concentrations (100 mg/L). In this work, microbial communities were cultivated in lab-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs) exposed to increasing concentrations of a mixture of six micropollutants (ibuprofen, diclofenac, enalapril, caffeine, atenolol, paracetamol). Key players of biodegradation were identified using a combinatorial approach of 16S rRNA sequencing and analytics. Microbial community structure changed with increasing pharmaceutical intake (from 1 to 100 mg/L) and reached a steady-state during incubation for 7 weeks on 100 mg/L. HPLC analysis revealed a fluctuating but significant degradation (30–100%) of five pollutants (caffeine, paracetamol, ibuprofen, atenolol, enalapril) by an established and stable microbial community mainly composed of Achromobacter, Cupriavidus, Pseudomonas and Leucobacter. By using the microbial community from MBR1 as inoculum for further batch culture experiments on single micropollutants (400 mg/L substrate, respectively), different active microbial consortia were obtained for each single micropollutant. Microbial genera potentially responsible for degradation of the respective micropollutant were identified, i.e. Pseudomonas sp. and Sphingobacterium sp. for ibuprofen, caffeine and paracetamol, Sphingomonas sp. for atenolol and Klebsiella sp. for enalapril. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of cultivating stable microbial communities capable of degrading simultaneously a mixture of highly concentrated pharmaceuticals in lab-scale MBRs and the identification of microbial genera potentially responsible for the degradation of specific pollutants. Key points • Multiple pharmaceuticals were removed by stable microbial communities. • Microbial key players of five main pharmaceuticals were identified.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Enzymes for consumer products to achieve climate neutrality(Oxford University Press, 15.03.2023) Molina-Espeja, Patricia; Sanz-Aparicio, Julia; Golyshin, Peter N.; Robles-Martín, Ana; Guallar, Víctor; Beltrametti, Fabrizio; Müller, Markus; Yakimov, Michail M.; Modregger, Jan; van Logchem, Moniec; Corvini, Philippe; Shahgaldian, Patrick; Degering, Christian; Wieland, Susanne; Timm, Anne; de Carvalho, Carla C. C. R.; Re, Ilaria; Daniotti, Sara; Thies, Stephan; Jaeger, Karl-Erich; Chow, Jennifer; Streit, Wolfgang R.; Lottenbach, Roland; Rösch, Rainer; Ansari, Nazanin; Ferrer, ManuelAbstract Today, the chemosphere’s and biosphere’s compositions of the planet are changing faster than experienced during the past thousand years. CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion are rising dramatically, including those from processing, manufacturing and consuming everyday products; this rate of greenhouse gas emission (36.2 gigatons accumulated in 2022) is raising global temperatures and destabilizing the climate, which is one of the most influential forces on our planet. As our world warms up, our climate will enter a period of constant turbulence, affecting more than 85% of our ecosystems, including the delicate web of life on these systems, and impacting socioeconomic networks. How do we deal with the green transition to minimize climate change and its impacts while we are facing these new realities? One of the solutions is to use renewable natural resources. Indeed, nature itself, through the working parts of its living systems, the enzymes, can significantly contribute to achieve climate neutrality and good ecological/biodiversity status. Annually they can help decreasing CO2 emissions by 1–2.5 billion-tons, carbon demand by about 200 million-tons, and chemical demand by about 90 million-tons. With current climate change goals, we review the consequences of climate change at multiple scales and how enzymes can counteract or mitigate them. We then focus on how they mobilize sustainable and greener innovations in consumer products that have a high contribution to global carbon emissions. Finally, key innovations and challenges to be solved at the enzyme and product levels are discussed.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Direct ammonium oxidation to nitrogen gas (Dirammox) in Alcaligenes strain HO-1: the electrode role(Elsevier, 07/2023) Pous, Narcís; Bañeras, Lluis; Corvini, Philippe; Liu, Shuang-Jiang; Puig, Sebastià01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Enzymes for consumer products to achieve climate neutrality(Oxford University Press, 15.03.2023) Molina-Espeja, Patricia; Sanz-Aparicio, Julia; Golyshin, Peter N.; Robles-Martín, Ana; Guallar, Víctor; Beltrametti, Fabrizio; Müller, Markus; Yakimov, Michail M.; Modregger, Jan; van Logchem, Moniec; Corvini, Philippe; Shahgaldian, Patrick; Degering, Christian; Wieland, Susanne; Timm, Anne; de Carvalho, Carla C. C. R.; Re, Ilaria; Daniotti, Sara; Thies, Stephan; Jaeger, Karl-Erich; Chow, Jennifer; Streit, Wolfgang R.; Lottenbach, Roland; Rösch, Rainer; Ansari, Nazanin; Ferrer, ManuelToday, the chemosphere’s and biosphere’s compositions of the planet are changing faster than experienced during the past thousand years. CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion are rising dramatically, including those from processing, manufacturing and consuming everyday products; this rate of greenhouse gas emission (36.2 gigatons accumulated in 2022) is raising global temperatures and destabilizing the climate, which is one of the most influential forces on our planet. As our world warms up, our climate will enter a period of constant turbulence, affecting more than 85% of our ecosystems, including the delicate web of life on these systems, and impacting socioeconomic networks. How do we deal with the green transition to minimize climate change and its impacts while we are facing these new realities? One of the solutions is to use renewable natural resources. Indeed, nature itself, through the working parts of its living systems, the enzymes, can significantly contribute to achieve climate neutrality and good ecological/biodiversity status. Annually they can help decreasing CO2 emissions by 1–2.5 billion-tons, carbon demand by about 200 million-tons, and chemical demand by about 90 million-tons. With current climate change goals, we review the consequences of climate change at multiple scales and how enzymes can counteract or mitigate them. We then focus on how they mobilize sustainable and greener innovations in consumer products that have a high contribution to global carbon emissions. Finally, key innovations and challenges to be solved at the enzyme and product levels are discussed.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Au@CoS-BiVO4 {010} constructed for visible-light-assisted peroxymonosulfate activation(MDPI, 22.11.2021) Ji, Yekun; Zhou, Ye; Wang, Jinnan; Li, Aimin; Bian, Weilin; Corvini, PhilippeA visible-light-Fenton-like reaction system was constructed for the selective conversion of peroxymonosulfate to sulfate radical. Au@CoS, when doped on monoclinic BiVO4 {010} facets, promoted spatial charge separation due to the different energy band between the m-BiVO4 {010} and {110} facets. The visible-light response of m-BiVO4 was enhanced, which was attributed to the SPR effect of Au. And the photogenerated electrons were transferred from the m-BiVO4 {010} facet to Au via a Schottky junction. Owing to higher work function, CoS was able to capture these photoelectrons with acceleration of the Co(Ⅱ)/Co(Ⅲ) redox, enhancing peroxymonosulfate conversion to sulfate radical (Co2+ + HSO5−→ Co3+ + •SO4− + OH−). On the other hand, holes accumulated on m-BiVO4 {110} facets also contributed to organics oxidation. Thus, more than 95% of RhB was degraded within 40 min, and, even after five cycles, over 80% of RhB could be removed. The radical trapping experiments and EPR confirmed that both the sulfate radical and photogenerated hole were the main species for organics degradation. UV-vis DRS, photoluminescence (PL) and photoelectrochemical analyses also confirmed the enhancement of the visible-light response and charge separation. In a pilot scale experiment (PMS = 3 mM, initial TOC = 151 mg/L, reaction time = 4 h), CoS-Au-BiVO4 loaded on glass fiber showed a high mineralization rate (>60%) of practical wastewater.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Soil microbiomes divergently respond to heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated industrial sites(Elsevier, 2022) Yang, Zhen-Ni; Liu, Ze-Shen; Wang, Ke-Huan; Liang, Zong-Lin; Abdugheni, Rashidin; Huang, Ye; Wang, Run-Hua; Ma, Hong-Lin; Wang, Xiao-Kang; Yang, Mei-Ling; Zhang, Bing-Ge; Li, De-Feng; Jiang, Cheng-Ying; Liu, Shuang-Jiang; Corvini, PhilippeContaminated sites from electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling and coking plants feature high concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. Mixed contamination (HMs + PAHs) hinders land reclamation and affects the microbial diversity and function of soil microbiomes. In this study, we analyzed HM and PAH contamination from an e-waste dismantling plant and a coking plant and evaluated the influences of HM and PAH contamination on soil microbiomes. It was noticed that HMs and PAHs were found in all sites, although the major contaminants of the e-waste dismantling plant site were HMs (such as Cu at 5,947.58 ± 433.44 mg kg−1, Zn at 4,961.38 ± 436.51 mg kg−1, and Mn at 2,379.07 ± 227.46 mg kg−1), and the major contaminants of the coking plant site were PAHs (such as fluorene at 11,740.06 ± 620.1 mg kg−1, acenaphthylene at 211.69 ± 7.04 mg kg−1, and pyrene at 183.14 ± 18.89 mg kg−1). The microbiomes (diversity and abundance) of all sites were determined via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and redundancy analysis was conducted to investigate the relations between soil microbiomes and contaminants. The results showed that the microbiomes of the contaminated sites divergently responded to HMs and PAHs. The abundances of the bacterial genera Sulfuritalea, Pseudomonas, and Sphingobium were positively related to PAHs, while the abundances of the bacterial genera Bryobacter, Nitrospira, and Steroidobacter were positively related to HMs. This study promotes an understanding of how soil microbiomes respond to single and mixed contamination with HMs and PAHs.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Assessing the biodegradation of btex and stress response in a bio-permeable reactive barrier using compound-specific isotope analysis(MDPI, 20.07.2022) Chen, Tianyu; Wu, Yan; Wang, Jinnan; Corvini, PhilippeBy using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) in combination with high-throughput sequencing analysis (HTS), we successfully evaluated the benzene and toluene biodegradation in a bio-permeable reactive barrier (bio-PRB) and the stress response of the microbial community. Under stress conditions, a greater decline in the biodegradation rate of BTEX was observed compared with the apparent removal rate. Both an increase in the influent concentration and the addition of trichloroethylene (TCE) inhibited benzene biodegradation, while toluene biodegradation was inhibited by TCE. Regarding the stress response, the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial community responsible for the biodegradation of BTEX increased with the influent concentration. However, the dominant bacterial community did not change, and its relative abundance was restored after the influent concentration decreased. On the contrary, the addition of TCE significantly changed the bacterial community, with Aminicenantes becoming the dominant phyla for co-metabolizing TCE and BTEX. Thus, TCE had a more significant influence on the bio-PRB than an increasing influent concentration, although these two stress conditions showed a similar degree of influence on the apparent removal rate of benzene and toluene. The present work not only provides a new method for accurately evaluating the biodegradation performance and microbial community in a bio-PRB, but also expands the application of compound-specific isotope analysis in the biological treatment of wastewater.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Synthesis of typical sulfonamide antibiotics with [14C]- and [13C]-labeling on the phenyl ring for use in environmental studies(Springer, 08.03.2022) Wu, Xuan; Yao, Yao; Wang, Lianhong; Zhou, Dashun; Sun, Feifei; Chen, Jianqiu; Ji, Rong; Corvini, PhilippeBackground Due to their widespread use, sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants and thus a cause of public concern. However, a complete understanding of the behavior of these pollutants in complex environmental systems has been hampered by the unavailability and high cost of isotopically labeled SAs. Results Using commercially available uniformly [14C]- and [13C]-labeled aniline as starting materials, we synthesized [phenyl-ring-14C]- and [phenyl-ring-13C]-labeled sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), and sulfadiazine (SDZ) in four-step (via the condensation of labeled N-acetylsulfanilyl chloride and aminoheterocycles) or five-step (via the condensation of labeled N-acetylsulfonamide and chloroheterocycles) reactions, with good yields (5.0–22.5% and 28.1–54.1% for [14C]- and [13C]-labeled SAs, respectively) and high purities (> 98.0%). Conclusion The synthesis of [14C]-labeled SAs in milligram amounts enables the preparation of labeled SAs with high specific radioactivity. The efficient and feasible methods described herein can be applied to the production of a variety of [14C]- or [13C]-labeled SAs for studies on their environmental behavior, including the fate, transformation, and bioaccumulation of these antibiotics in soils and aqueous systems.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher ZeitschriftPublikation Monomers, materials and energy from coffee by-products. A review(MDPI, 21.06.2021) Sisti, Laura; Celli, Annamaria; Totaro, Grazia; Cinelli, Patrizia; Signori, Francesca; Lazzeri, Andrea; Bikaki, Maria; Corvini, Philippe; Ferri, Maura; Tassoni, Annalisa; Navarini, LucianoIn recent years, the circular economy and sustainability have gained attention in the food industry aimed at recycling food industrial waste and residues. For example, several plant-based materials are nowadays used in packaging and biofuel production. Among them, by-products and waste from coffee processing constitute a largely available, low cost, good quality resource. Coffee production includes many steps, in which by-products are generated including coffee pulp, coffee husks, silver skin and spent coffee. This review aims to analyze the reasons why coffee waste can be considered as a valuable source in recycling strategies for the sustainable production of bio-based chemicals, materials and fuels. It addresses the most recent advances in monomer, polymer and plastic filler productions and applications based on the development of viable biorefinery technologies. The exploration of strategies to unlock the potential of this biomass for fuel productions is also revised. Coffee by-products valorization is a clear example of waste biorefinery. Future applications in areas such as biomedicine, food packaging and material technology should be taken into consideration. However, further efforts in techno-economic analysis and the assessment of the feasibility of valorization processes on an industrial scale are needed.01A - Beitrag in wissenschaftlicher Zeitschrift