Garrote, Ariana
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Social acceptance in inclusive classrooms: The role of teacher attitudes toward inclusion and classroom management
Social acceptance is vital to students’ development. Being rejected by classmates can result in negative socio-emotional and academic outcomes. Finding relevant factors to be able to effectively support student social acceptance is especially challenging in inclusive classrooms because of the high heterogeneity of the student group. There is evidence that social acceptance is determined by the social behavior of students. In addition, current research suggests that affect-motivation dispositions, such as teacher attitudes, are related to teaching practices, which in turn are associated with student outcomes. This longitudinal study examines, on an individual level, the relationship between social behavior and the social acceptance of students. On a classroom level, the extent to which a teacher’s attitudes toward the inclusion of students with special educational needs affects their classroom management (i.e., implementation of clear rules and successful time management) is analyzed. In addition, the effect of teacher attitudes toward inclusion and classroom management on social acceptance in the classroom is investigated. The social acceptance of a sample of 580 students in 34 inclusive classrooms was assessed at the beginning and the end of the school year. In addition, student social behavior was rated by peers at the beginning of the school year. Teachers (n = 34) were asked about their attitudes toward inclusion at the beginning of the school year. One mathematics lesson in each classroom was videotaped to assess the teachers’ classroom management practices. Multilevel structural equation models revealed a positive relationship between student social behavior and their social acceptance in the peer group. Contrary to expectations, teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion did not predict their classroom management practices (i.e., implementation of clear rules and successful time management). As hypothesized, teachers’ classroom management predicted the level of social acceptance in the classroom, whereas teachers’ attitudes toward the inclusion of students with special educational needs did not. The study results are discussed in light of previous findings and implications for teacher education are described.
The social relationships of students with intellectual disabilities in inclusive classrooms
Social relationships with peers are very important for the development of all children. However , studies show that learners with special educational needs have greater difficulties in forming social relationships with peers than their classmates. However, research data and findings for children with intellectual disabilities (ID) are sparse. The present study investigates the social relationships of 7-to 8-year-old children with ID (n = 35) in inclusive classrooms (first to third year) over the course of one school year. Compared to a sample of matched same-sex classmates without ID with similar social skills (n = 35), the children with ID were less frequently named as playmates and had fewer reciprocal relationships at the end of the school year. There were no differences between children with and without ID in terms of nominations given, reciprocal relationships at the beginning of the school year and stable relationships. The results thus indicate that children with ID and without ID with comparable social skills had a similar number of stable relationships. However, children with ID formed fewer reciprocal relationships than their peers with similar social skills. Both children with IB and children without ID maintained stable reciprocal relationships mostly with same-sex peers (n = 26) who had significantly higher social skills. These findings provide important evidence for the development of strategies to promote social interactions and relationships in inclusive classrooms.
Erfassung von mathematischen Kompetenzen im Vorschulalter mit MARKO-D
In dieser Studie wurde der Test MARKO-D (Mathematik- und Rechenkonzepte im Vorschulalter–Diagnose) mit einer Stichprobe von Kindern aus der deutschsprachigen Schweiz ( N = 555) im ersten und zweiten Kindergartenjahr erprobt und es wurde analysiert, ob sich die Altersnormen der deutschen Stichprobe auf die Schweiz übertragen lassen. Zudem wurde der Test mit einer Teilstichprobe ( n = 87) hinsichtlich Messinvarianz über die Zeit untersucht. Die Ergebnisse des eindimensionalen Rasch-Modells zeigen, dass das Instrument für die Schweiz geeignet ist. Die Testleistungen hängen jedoch vom Kindergartenbesuch ab. Für die Schweiz müssten deshalb nebst Altersnormen auch Normen pro Kindergartenhalbjahr verwendet werden. Die Analyse mittels Differential Item Functioning ergab, dass 17 von 55 Items von großer Messvarianz über die Zeit betroffen sind. Um das Instrument für Längsschnittuntersuchungen einsetzen zu können, müsste es weiterentwickelt werden.